To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases ri...To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. At present there are different treatments, both oral and injectable, available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Treatment algorithms designed to reduce the development or progression of the complications of diabetes emphasizes the need for good glycaemic control. The aim of this review is to perform an update on the benefits and limitations of different drugs, both current and future, for the treatment of T2 DM. Initial intervention should focus on lifestyle changes. Moreover, changes in lifestyle have proven to be beneficial, but for many patients is a complication keep long term. Physicians should be familiar with the different types of existing drugs for the treatment of diabetes and select the most effective, safe and better tolerated by patients. Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for most patients. Other alternative or second-line treatment options should be individualized depending on the characteristics of each patient. This article reviews the treatments available for patients with T2 DM, with an emphasis on agents introduced within the last decade.展开更多
Largely due to population ageing,the cancer burden from older people has been rising,which imposed considerable pressure on current Chinese healthcare system.We provide comprehensive information about cancer burden of...Largely due to population ageing,the cancer burden from older people has been rising,which imposed considerable pressure on current Chinese healthcare system.We provide comprehensive information about cancer burden of Chinese older people based on the most recent data from National Central Cancer Registry of China.The logarithmic linear regression was used to project the current cancer burden in 2022,and Joinpoint regression was used for temporal trend analysis from 2000 to 2017.We also estimated cancer statistics of older people in the US,Japan and the Republic of Korea for comparisons.It is estimated that 2.79 million cases and 1.94 million deaths occur for Chinese older people,representing 55.8%and 68.2%of cases and deaths in all population in 2022.The overall cancer incidence rate gradually increased among older women,while the mortality rates declined for both sexes.Notably,approximately 10.0%of all cases and 17.7%of all deaths are from people aged over 80 years,and cancer incidence and mortality in this age group showed upward trends for women.Lung cancer and digestive cancers are the leading cancer types for Chinese older people.Compared with other countries,China has lower incidence rates but higher mortality rates for older people.The rapidly growing burden of prostate cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer,and declines in esophageal cancer,stomach cancer,and liver cancer among older people indicate the cancer pattern in China is being in a transition stage to that in developed countries.Our findings imply that it should be the national health priority to meet the growing demands for cancer diagnosis,treatment and care services from the older people as the rapid population ageing in next few decades.展开更多
检索中、西文大型权威数据库(包括CNKI、PubMed、Elsevier and PsycInfo)中有关中国老年人口的痴呆研究文献13037篇,对这些文献的分析结果表明:1.研究主题涉及痴呆的流行病学(1.68%)、痴呆的发病机制与风险因素(37.4%)、痴呆的临床表现...检索中、西文大型权威数据库(包括CNKI、PubMed、Elsevier and PsycInfo)中有关中国老年人口的痴呆研究文献13037篇,对这些文献的分析结果表明:1.研究主题涉及痴呆的流行病学(1.68%)、痴呆的发病机制与风险因素(37.4%)、痴呆的临床表现与诊断(9.8%)、痴呆的治疗与干预(40.2%)以及关于痴呆的其它研究(10.9%);2.不同研究所报道的我国痴呆患病率彼此差异很大,60岁及以上人口的痴呆患病率平均为3.5%(95%CI 2.8-4.2),且患病率随年龄而增长;3.痴呆的发病机制非常复杂,是由内外多种因素交互作用的结果,其中,有些风险因素的结果比较一致,有些保护因素的结果也有共识,但不少因素的影响尚需进一步探讨;4.研究认为,今后需要增强样本代表性、完善检测与诊断工具、在加强痴呆流行病学和临床症状研究的同时,进一步加强痴呆患病的延缓因素研究,以便为老年痴呆的护理和干预提供客观的科学依据。展开更多
文摘To achieve good metabolic control in diabetes and keep long term, a combination of changes in lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is necessary. Achieving near-normal glycated hemoglobin significantly, decreases risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. At present there are different treatments, both oral and injectable, available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Treatment algorithms designed to reduce the development or progression of the complications of diabetes emphasizes the need for good glycaemic control. The aim of this review is to perform an update on the benefits and limitations of different drugs, both current and future, for the treatment of T2 DM. Initial intervention should focus on lifestyle changes. Moreover, changes in lifestyle have proven to be beneficial, but for many patients is a complication keep long term. Physicians should be familiar with the different types of existing drugs for the treatment of diabetes and select the most effective, safe and better tolerated by patients. Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for most patients. Other alternative or second-line treatment options should be individualized depending on the characteristics of each patient. This article reviews the treatments available for patients with T2 DM, with an emphasis on agents introduced within the last decade.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-011,2021-12M-1-046)。
文摘Largely due to population ageing,the cancer burden from older people has been rising,which imposed considerable pressure on current Chinese healthcare system.We provide comprehensive information about cancer burden of Chinese older people based on the most recent data from National Central Cancer Registry of China.The logarithmic linear regression was used to project the current cancer burden in 2022,and Joinpoint regression was used for temporal trend analysis from 2000 to 2017.We also estimated cancer statistics of older people in the US,Japan and the Republic of Korea for comparisons.It is estimated that 2.79 million cases and 1.94 million deaths occur for Chinese older people,representing 55.8%and 68.2%of cases and deaths in all population in 2022.The overall cancer incidence rate gradually increased among older women,while the mortality rates declined for both sexes.Notably,approximately 10.0%of all cases and 17.7%of all deaths are from people aged over 80 years,and cancer incidence and mortality in this age group showed upward trends for women.Lung cancer and digestive cancers are the leading cancer types for Chinese older people.Compared with other countries,China has lower incidence rates but higher mortality rates for older people.The rapidly growing burden of prostate cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer,and declines in esophageal cancer,stomach cancer,and liver cancer among older people indicate the cancer pattern in China is being in a transition stage to that in developed countries.Our findings imply that it should be the national health priority to meet the growing demands for cancer diagnosis,treatment and care services from the older people as the rapid population ageing in next few decades.
文摘检索中、西文大型权威数据库(包括CNKI、PubMed、Elsevier and PsycInfo)中有关中国老年人口的痴呆研究文献13037篇,对这些文献的分析结果表明:1.研究主题涉及痴呆的流行病学(1.68%)、痴呆的发病机制与风险因素(37.4%)、痴呆的临床表现与诊断(9.8%)、痴呆的治疗与干预(40.2%)以及关于痴呆的其它研究(10.9%);2.不同研究所报道的我国痴呆患病率彼此差异很大,60岁及以上人口的痴呆患病率平均为3.5%(95%CI 2.8-4.2),且患病率随年龄而增长;3.痴呆的发病机制非常复杂,是由内外多种因素交互作用的结果,其中,有些风险因素的结果比较一致,有些保护因素的结果也有共识,但不少因素的影响尚需进一步探讨;4.研究认为,今后需要增强样本代表性、完善检测与诊断工具、在加强痴呆流行病学和临床症状研究的同时,进一步加强痴呆患病的延缓因素研究,以便为老年痴呆的护理和干预提供客观的科学依据。
