摘要
以往受数据和分析方法的限制, 研究老年人主要生活来源现状和变化存在两点不足： -是以60 岁作为起点不利于掌握主要生活来源变化的所有转折点, 二是现有研究无法回答同-批老年人随年龄增大生活来源变化的情况.本研究利用第六次全国人口普查数据,以45 岁为年龄起点揭示从中年到老年主要生活来源变化的重要转折点.并结合第五次全国人口普查数据, 采用队列分析方法分析2000 年队列的老年人生活来源在10 年间的变化.分析显示： 受退休制度影响, 我国老年人口依靠离退休金养老金的比例都呈现出阶梯状变化趋势; 60 ～69 岁是重要转变时期, 城镇老年人依靠劳动收入和离退休金生活的排位在60 岁交换形成“剪刀型” 分布, 农村老年人依靠劳动收入和家庭供养的排位在68 岁交换形成“沙漏型” 分布, 75 岁以后逐渐保持稳定; 随着社会保障制度不断完善, 老年人自养能力有所增强.研究说明老年人的收入来源结构不仅可以反映出老年人的经济状况, 还可以体现国家的社会经济发展水平.
Due to the limitation of data and analyzing method, previous studies of elderly’ s main economic resource are insufficient to answer the following two questions:first, when does transition begin before 60? Second, how does the economic resource change as the 2000 cohort of elderly growing older? This study uses the 6 th census data to demonstrate the transitional trend of economic resource by analyzing data from the age of 45. Moreover, trace the 2000 cohort to analyze the changes of main economic resource to 2010 . The results showed that:1 ) the proportion of Chinese elderly rely on pensions experienced a ladderlike transition;2 ) 60 to 69 was the important period of change and gradually became stable after 75. In urban area, the rank of labor income and pension switched at 60 forming “scissorlike” distribution, while in rural area, the rank of labor income exchanged with family support forming“sandglasslike” distribution;3 ) the older people had better selfsupport capabilities with the development of social security system. The study indicates that the income structure of older people can not only reflect their financial situation, but also embody the national level of socioeconomic development.
出处
《人口与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第6期3-11,共9页
Population & Economics
关键词
老年人
主要生活来源
队列分析
older people
main economic resource
cohort study
