水系金属空气电池具有理论能量密度高、安全性高等优点,但受限于金属阳极(如锌、铁、铝、镁)的电化学不可逆性以及碱性电解质对大气中二氧化碳的化学不稳定性.本工作首次设计了一种可充电的铋-空气电池,该电池使用了非碱性的三氟甲磺酸...水系金属空气电池具有理论能量密度高、安全性高等优点,但受限于金属阳极(如锌、铁、铝、镁)的电化学不可逆性以及碱性电解质对大气中二氧化碳的化学不稳定性.本工作首次设计了一种可充电的铋-空气电池,该电池使用了非碱性的三氟甲磺酸铋(Bi(OTf)_(3))水系电解质.得益于三电子反应和相对于标准氢电极+0.32 V的高电位,铋金属负极具有383 mA h g^(−1)的高比容量和1000次循环的良好稳定性,以及99.6%高库仑效率.铋金属负极在Bi(OTf)_(3)电解液中无腐蚀、钝化和析氢等副反应.此外,非碱性的铋-空气电池通过三氧化二铋(Bi_(2)O_(3))的可逆形成/分解,在环境空气中实现了长期运行稳定性(>200 h).这项工作为探索新型水系金属空气电池作为安全稳定的电源系统提供了新思路.展开更多
Development of noble-metal-free materials with remarkable electrocatalytic water-splitting performance in acidic or neutral media has sparked considerable attention in recent years.Herein,we review the latest research...Development of noble-metal-free materials with remarkable electrocatalytic water-splitting performance in acidic or neutral media has sparked considerable attention in recent years.Herein,we review the latest research on design and fabrication of precious-metal-free catalytic materials for overall water electrolysis in non-alkaline environment,especially highlighting several optimizing approaches to enhance the catalytic behavior and to realize effective bifunctional electrocatalysts.All these involved noble-metal-free electrocatalysts are classified into transition-metal oxides(TMOs),transition-metal nitrides(TMNs),transition-metal carbides(TMCs),transition-metal phosphides(TMPs),transition-metal chalcogenides,metal complexes,and metal-free carbons,as shown in the main part.Besides,the paper also offers an introduction of the fundamental electrochemistry of water splitting before entering the subject,as well as a prospective discussion on mechanism understanding,novel catalysts fabrication,and standardized performance measurements/evaluation in the last section.展开更多
Ti-ZSM-5 was synthesized by hydro thermal crystallization in the presence of fluoride via using a non-alkaline medium. pH values were 5;. SEM showed perfect Ti-ZSM-5 crystals and a large single crystal growing from th...Ti-ZSM-5 was synthesized by hydro thermal crystallization in the presence of fluoride via using a non-alkaline medium. pH values were 5;. SEM showed perfect Ti-ZSM-5 crystals and a large single crystal growing from the favourable medium. Substitution of titanium for silicon in the ZSM-5 framework led to a decrease of crystal size and of the length/width ratio. Electron microprobe analysis indicated a homogeneous distribution of titanium in the ZSM-5 framework. The unit cell parameters of the Ti-ZSM-5 determined by XRD increased with an increase in titanium content in the framework. TiO4tetrahedron vibrations were found in the IR spectrum. Si（1Ti） peakwas seen in the 29Si MAS NMR spectrum at -1O1ppm（from TMS） and 13CMAS NMR analysis verified the effect of （C3H7）4N+F- occluded in thechannels. XPS study on the precursors, calcined and H2O2 adsorbed Ti-ZSM-5 was performed and some interesting results were observed.展开更多
Clathrasil is a kind of clathrate compound with 3-dimensional 4-connected host framework of silica. As a general rule, clathrasils are obtained with tetramethoxysilane from alkaline media. So far, six clathrasils have...Clathrasil is a kind of clathrate compound with 3-dimensional 4-connected host framework of silica. As a general rule, clathrasils are obtained with tetramethoxysilane from alkaline media. So far, six clathrasils have been synthesized and reported. Recently, much interest has been paid to the synthesis of zeolites in the non-alkaline reaction mixture containing fluoride ions. There has not been any report on the synthesis of clathrasils展开更多
目的本研究旨在分析中国低磷酸酶血症患者的基因突变特点和常见就诊原因,提醒相关医生加以注意,以提高诊断效率。方法通过中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库、Pub Med、Ovid、Web of Science和Embase,检索截止到2015年12月3...目的本研究旨在分析中国低磷酸酶血症患者的基因突变特点和常见就诊原因,提醒相关医生加以注意,以提高诊断效率。方法通过中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库、Pub Med、Ovid、Web of Science和Embase,检索截止到2015年12月31日的可能包含低磷酸酶血症的病例的文献。根据纳入与排除标准进行筛选和评价,然后提取所纳入文献中的就诊信息,进行归纳和统计分析。结果最终筛选出25篇包含中国低磷酸酶血症患者就诊信息的文献,共包含34位患者。笔者发现ALPL基因突变主要分布在5、10号外显子,其中75.0%为错义突变。34位患者中16位(47%)因乳牙早失就诊,12位(35%)因骨骼异常就诊。结论中国HP患者ALPL基因突变在外显子上的分布不同于其他种族,乳牙早失和骨骼异常是常见就诊原因。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM,21511104900 and 20JC1414902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222310).
文摘水系金属空气电池具有理论能量密度高、安全性高等优点,但受限于金属阳极(如锌、铁、铝、镁)的电化学不可逆性以及碱性电解质对大气中二氧化碳的化学不稳定性.本工作首次设计了一种可充电的铋-空气电池,该电池使用了非碱性的三氟甲磺酸铋(Bi(OTf)_(3))水系电解质.得益于三电子反应和相对于标准氢电极+0.32 V的高电位,铋金属负极具有383 mA h g^(−1)的高比容量和1000次循环的良好稳定性,以及99.6%高库仑效率.铋金属负极在Bi(OTf)_(3)电解液中无腐蚀、钝化和析氢等副反应.此外,非碱性的铋-空气电池通过三氧化二铋(Bi_(2)O_(3))的可逆形成/分解,在环境空气中实现了长期运行稳定性(>200 h).这项工作为探索新型水系金属空气电池作为安全稳定的电源系统提供了新思路.
基金M.Ni thanks the funding support(Project Number:PolyU 152214/17E and PolyU 152064/18E)from Research Grant Council,University Grants Committee,Hong Kong SAR。
文摘Development of noble-metal-free materials with remarkable electrocatalytic water-splitting performance in acidic or neutral media has sparked considerable attention in recent years.Herein,we review the latest research on design and fabrication of precious-metal-free catalytic materials for overall water electrolysis in non-alkaline environment,especially highlighting several optimizing approaches to enhance the catalytic behavior and to realize effective bifunctional electrocatalysts.All these involved noble-metal-free electrocatalysts are classified into transition-metal oxides(TMOs),transition-metal nitrides(TMNs),transition-metal carbides(TMCs),transition-metal phosphides(TMPs),transition-metal chalcogenides,metal complexes,and metal-free carbons,as shown in the main part.Besides,the paper also offers an introduction of the fundamental electrochemistry of water splitting before entering the subject,as well as a prospective discussion on mechanism understanding,novel catalysts fabrication,and standardized performance measurements/evaluation in the last section.
文摘Ti-ZSM-5 was synthesized by hydro thermal crystallization in the presence of fluoride via using a non-alkaline medium. pH values were 5;. SEM showed perfect Ti-ZSM-5 crystals and a large single crystal growing from the favourable medium. Substitution of titanium for silicon in the ZSM-5 framework led to a decrease of crystal size and of the length/width ratio. Electron microprobe analysis indicated a homogeneous distribution of titanium in the ZSM-5 framework. The unit cell parameters of the Ti-ZSM-5 determined by XRD increased with an increase in titanium content in the framework. TiO4tetrahedron vibrations were found in the IR spectrum. Si（1Ti） peakwas seen in the 29Si MAS NMR spectrum at -1O1ppm（from TMS） and 13CMAS NMR analysis verified the effect of （C3H7）4N+F- occluded in thechannels. XPS study on the precursors, calcined and H2O2 adsorbed Ti-ZSM-5 was performed and some interesting results were observed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Clathrasil is a kind of clathrate compound with 3-dimensional 4-connected host framework of silica. As a general rule, clathrasils are obtained with tetramethoxysilane from alkaline media. So far, six clathrasils have been synthesized and reported. Recently, much interest has been paid to the synthesis of zeolites in the non-alkaline reaction mixture containing fluoride ions. There has not been any report on the synthesis of clathrasils
文摘目的本研究旨在分析中国低磷酸酶血症患者的基因突变特点和常见就诊原因,提醒相关医生加以注意,以提高诊断效率。方法通过中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据库、Pub Med、Ovid、Web of Science和Embase,检索截止到2015年12月31日的可能包含低磷酸酶血症的病例的文献。根据纳入与排除标准进行筛选和评价,然后提取所纳入文献中的就诊信息,进行归纳和统计分析。结果最终筛选出25篇包含中国低磷酸酶血症患者就诊信息的文献,共包含34位患者。笔者发现ALPL基因突变主要分布在5、10号外显子,其中75.0%为错义突变。34位患者中16位(47%)因乳牙早失就诊,12位(35%)因骨骼异常就诊。结论中国HP患者ALPL基因突变在外显子上的分布不同于其他种族,乳牙早失和骨骼异常是常见就诊原因。
