This work is devoted to developing of the ecologically safe technology of chickpea cultivation by using microbial biopreparations, based on the effective heterotrophic （nodulating, growth-promoting and phosphate mobi...This work is devoted to developing of the ecologically safe technology of chickpea cultivation by using microbial biopreparations, based on the effective heterotrophic （nodulating, growth-promoting and phosphate mobilizing bacteria, and microorganisms-antagonists of the phytopathogenes） and phototrophic microorganisms （cyanobacteria）. These preparations were used for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and for treatment of the plants in the vegetation period for optimization of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and growing of ecologically safe production （without application of mineral fertilizers） in the steppe non-irrigated areas of Ukraine.展开更多
根瘤菌剂在大豆上能否充分发挥共生固氮效应涉及到根瘤菌的结瘤固氮能力、与大豆品种的匹配性、土壤特性等多种因素.黑龙江省是我国大豆的主产区之一,为筛选得到适于在黑龙江推广应用的根瘤菌资源,从黑龙江、河北和湖南等地区采集土壤样...根瘤菌剂在大豆上能否充分发挥共生固氮效应涉及到根瘤菌的结瘤固氮能力、与大豆品种的匹配性、土壤特性等多种因素.黑龙江省是我国大豆的主产区之一,为筛选得到适于在黑龙江推广应用的根瘤菌资源,从黑龙江、河北和湖南等地区采集土壤样品,采用大豆结瘤法,从10个土样中分离获得59株大豆根瘤菌株,再依据BTB显色反应和16S r DNA分析,鉴定出36个慢生型大豆根瘤菌.沙培结果表明,有34株根瘤菌能够在大豆品种黑农61上有效结瘤;再从中选出4株共生效应较好的菌株做进一步实验.匹配实验表明,这4株菌SN2-5、NW5-3、SN7-2和SN10-3同样能与黑龙江另外16个主栽大豆品种结瘤;与不接根瘤菌的对照组相比,SN2-5、NW5-3、SN7-2和SN10-3处理的大豆的根瘤固氮酶活和生物量显著提高,且整体表型优于HN01和USDA110.土壤盆栽实验结果表明,NW5-3、SN10-3、SN7-2在黑土中具有显著的接种效果,且在10 mmol/L NH_4NO_3高氮处理下,4个优良供试菌均能够与黑农61结瘤.与不加氮素的处理相比,其中NW5-3和SN10-3形成根瘤具有近50%的固氮酶活性.本研究筛选的4个慢生型大豆根瘤菌SN2-5、NW5-3、SN7-2、SN10-3与黑龙江的主栽大豆品种具有良好匹配性能,可进一步用于黑龙江大豆产区的田间实验.展开更多
1.大豆果实发育过程中种子和荚皮过氧化物酶(Peroxidase-POD,下同)和超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide Dismutase—SOD,下同)活性均有变化。结瘤大豆的两种酶活性高于非结瘤大豆,这种差异在 POD 活性上表现尤为显著。2.SOD 同工酶在种子发育...1.大豆果实发育过程中种子和荚皮过氧化物酶(Peroxidase-POD,下同)和超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide Dismutase—SOD,下同)活性均有变化。结瘤大豆的两种酶活性高于非结瘤大豆,这种差异在 POD 活性上表现尤为显著。2.SOD 同工酶在种子发育早期就基本合成齐全,而 POD 同工酶随发育逐渐增多。3.种子 SOD 和 POD 均高于荚皮中的活性,但同工酶带数却以荚皮的为多,而且非结瘤种子和荚皮的两种同工酶条带均多于结瘤株的。这表明同工酶条带数与活性间不一定呈相关关系。展开更多
The effect of pH on the nodulation of Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum was examined by analy- zing the indigent soybean rhizobia,predominant indigent rhizobia,and specific rhizobia,respectively.The re...The effect of pH on the nodulation of Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum was examined by analy- zing the indigent soybean rhizobia,predominant indigent rhizobia,and specific rhizobia,respectively.The results showed that very acid and very alkaline environment could retard the nodulation and inhibit the growth of the rhizobia.Sinorhizohium fredii could endure environment more strongly than Bradyrhizobium japonicum,and had a high competitive nodulation capacity.Bradyhizobium japonicum could endure acid environment more strongly than Sinorhizobium fredii.In very acid and very alkaline environment,the nodulation capacity of S.fredii and B.japonicum was mainly determined by their physiological characteristics.展开更多
The innate immune system of insects is divided into humoral defenses that include the production of soluble effector molecules and cellular defenses like phagocytosis and encapsulation that are mediated by hemocytes. ...The innate immune system of insects is divided into humoral defenses that include the production of soluble effector molecules and cellular defenses like phagocytosis and encapsulation that are mediated by hemocytes. This review summarizes current understand- ing of the cellular immune response. Insects produce several terminally differentiated types of hemocytes that are distinguished by morphology, molecular and antigenic markers, and function. The differentiated hemocytes that circulate in larval or nymphal stage insects arise from two sources： progenitor cells produced during embryogenesis and mesodermally derived hematopoietic organs. Regulation of hematopoiesis and hemocyte differentiation also involves several different signaling pathways. Phagocytosis and encapsulation require that hemocytes first recognize a given target as foreign followed by activation of downstream signaling and effector responses. A number of humoral and cellular receptors have been identified that recognize different microbes and multicellular parasites. In turn, activation of these receptors stimulates a number of signaling pathways that regulate different hemocyte functions. Recent studies also identify hemocytes as important sources Of a number of humoral effector molecules required for killing different foreign invaders.展开更多
Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules（TNs） and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations（UICs） after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Meth...Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules（TNs） and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations（UICs） after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population aged 15-69 years. A questionnaire regarding general and personal characteristics and relevant information was administered. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed, and serum triiodothyronine（T3）, tetraiodothyronine（T4）, serum thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）, free triiodothyronine（FT3）, free tetraiodothyronine（FT4）, thyroglobulin antibody（Tg Ab）, thyroid peroxidase antibody（TPOAb）, and TSH receptor antibody（TRAb） levels were measured for each individual subject. Results The prevalence rates of TNs in the whole population, females and males were 27.76%, 34.04%, and 21.60%, respectively. The prevalence of multiple nodules increased with age, whereas the prevalence peaks differed between males and females. The median UICs in the whole population and females with non-TNs were higher than those of subjects with TNs（P=0.0035, P=0.0068）. The median UICs in subjects with a single TN were higher than those in subjects with multiple TNs（P=0.0164, P=0.0127）. The result showed a U-shaped curve relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs. The prevalence of TNs was the lowest when the UIC was 140-400 μg/L. Conclusion The prevalence of TNs was nearly 30% and increased with age. The relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs is U-shaped, with an increase in risk when the UIC was 〈140 μg/L and 〉400 μg/L. Very low or high UIC levels need attention and correction.展开更多
文摘This work is devoted to developing of the ecologically safe technology of chickpea cultivation by using microbial biopreparations, based on the effective heterotrophic （nodulating, growth-promoting and phosphate mobilizing bacteria, and microorganisms-antagonists of the phytopathogenes） and phototrophic microorganisms （cyanobacteria）. These preparations were used for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and for treatment of the plants in the vegetation period for optimization of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and growing of ecologically safe production （without application of mineral fertilizers） in the steppe non-irrigated areas of Ukraine.
文摘根瘤菌剂在大豆上能否充分发挥共生固氮效应涉及到根瘤菌的结瘤固氮能力、与大豆品种的匹配性、土壤特性等多种因素.黑龙江省是我国大豆的主产区之一,为筛选得到适于在黑龙江推广应用的根瘤菌资源,从黑龙江、河北和湖南等地区采集土壤样品,采用大豆结瘤法,从10个土样中分离获得59株大豆根瘤菌株,再依据BTB显色反应和16S r DNA分析,鉴定出36个慢生型大豆根瘤菌.沙培结果表明,有34株根瘤菌能够在大豆品种黑农61上有效结瘤;再从中选出4株共生效应较好的菌株做进一步实验.匹配实验表明,这4株菌SN2-5、NW5-3、SN7-2和SN10-3同样能与黑龙江另外16个主栽大豆品种结瘤;与不接根瘤菌的对照组相比,SN2-5、NW5-3、SN7-2和SN10-3处理的大豆的根瘤固氮酶活和生物量显著提高,且整体表型优于HN01和USDA110.土壤盆栽实验结果表明,NW5-3、SN10-3、SN7-2在黑土中具有显著的接种效果,且在10 mmol/L NH_4NO_3高氮处理下,4个优良供试菌均能够与黑农61结瘤.与不加氮素的处理相比,其中NW5-3和SN10-3形成根瘤具有近50%的固氮酶活性.本研究筛选的4个慢生型大豆根瘤菌SN2-5、NW5-3、SN7-2、SN10-3与黑龙江的主栽大豆品种具有良好匹配性能,可进一步用于黑龙江大豆产区的田间实验.
文摘1.大豆果实发育过程中种子和荚皮过氧化物酶(Peroxidase-POD,下同)和超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide Dismutase—SOD,下同)活性均有变化。结瘤大豆的两种酶活性高于非结瘤大豆,这种差异在 POD 活性上表现尤为显著。2.SOD 同工酶在种子发育早期就基本合成齐全,而 POD 同工酶随发育逐渐增多。3.种子 SOD 和 POD 均高于荚皮中的活性,但同工酶带数却以荚皮的为多,而且非结瘤种子和荚皮的两种同工酶条带均多于结瘤株的。这表明同工酶条带数与活性间不一定呈相关关系。
文摘The effect of pH on the nodulation of Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium japonicum was examined by analy- zing the indigent soybean rhizobia,predominant indigent rhizobia,and specific rhizobia,respectively.The results showed that very acid and very alkaline environment could retard the nodulation and inhibit the growth of the rhizobia.Sinorhizohium fredii could endure environment more strongly than Bradyrhizobium japonicum,and had a high competitive nodulation capacity.Bradyhizobium japonicum could endure acid environment more strongly than Sinorhizobium fredii.In very acid and very alkaline environment,the nodulation capacity of S.fredii and B.japonicum was mainly determined by their physiological characteristics.
文摘The innate immune system of insects is divided into humoral defenses that include the production of soluble effector molecules and cellular defenses like phagocytosis and encapsulation that are mediated by hemocytes. This review summarizes current understand- ing of the cellular immune response. Insects produce several terminally differentiated types of hemocytes that are distinguished by morphology, molecular and antigenic markers, and function. The differentiated hemocytes that circulate in larval or nymphal stage insects arise from two sources： progenitor cells produced during embryogenesis and mesodermally derived hematopoietic organs. Regulation of hematopoiesis and hemocyte differentiation also involves several different signaling pathways. Phagocytosis and encapsulation require that hemocytes first recognize a given target as foreign followed by activation of downstream signaling and effector responses. A number of humoral and cellular receptors have been identified that recognize different microbes and multicellular parasites. In turn, activation of these receptors stimulates a number of signaling pathways that regulate different hemocyte functions. Recent studies also identify hemocytes as important sources Of a number of humoral effector molecules required for killing different foreign invaders.
基金supported by Shanghai Municipal health Bureau(number 20134332)the research grants of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Health(number 20134053)+3 种基金Health Fields Specific Research Grant(201202012)the Major Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(11DJ1400202)the four grants from Key Discipline of Shanghai Public Health-Food and Nutrition Sciences(12GWZX0702)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(15YF1411100)
文摘Objective This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules（TNs） and its relationship with urine iodine concentrations（UICs） after the regional rapid economic growth and lifestyle changes. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the general population aged 15-69 years. A questionnaire regarding general and personal characteristics and relevant information was administered. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed, and serum triiodothyronine（T3）, tetraiodothyronine（T4）, serum thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）, free triiodothyronine（FT3）, free tetraiodothyronine（FT4）, thyroglobulin antibody（Tg Ab）, thyroid peroxidase antibody（TPOAb）, and TSH receptor antibody（TRAb） levels were measured for each individual subject. Results The prevalence rates of TNs in the whole population, females and males were 27.76%, 34.04%, and 21.60%, respectively. The prevalence of multiple nodules increased with age, whereas the prevalence peaks differed between males and females. The median UICs in the whole population and females with non-TNs were higher than those of subjects with TNs（P=0.0035, P=0.0068）. The median UICs in subjects with a single TN were higher than those in subjects with multiple TNs（P=0.0164, P=0.0127）. The result showed a U-shaped curve relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs. The prevalence of TNs was the lowest when the UIC was 140-400 μg/L. Conclusion The prevalence of TNs was nearly 30% and increased with age. The relationship between UIC and prevalence of TNs is U-shaped, with an increase in risk when the UIC was 〈140 μg/L and 〉400 μg/L. Very low or high UIC levels need attention and correction.
