Objective：To review the natural history and growth kinetics of small renal masses （SRMs）.Data Sources：The literature concerning natural history and growth kinetics of SRMs was collected from PubMed published from ...Objective：To review the natural history and growth kinetics of small renal masses （SRMs）.Data Sources：The literature concerning natural history and growth kinetics of SRMs was collected from PubMed published from 1990 to 2014.Study Selection：We included all the relevant articles on the active surveillance （AS） or delayed treatment for SRMs in English,with no limitation of study design.Results：SRMs under AS have a slow growth potential in general.The mean linear growth rate is 0.33 cm/year,the mean volumetric growth rate is 9.48 cm3/year.The rate of metastasis during AS is below 2％.Some factors are associated with the growth rate of SRMs,including tumor grade,histological subtype,initial tumor size,age,radiographic characteristics,and molecular markers.No definite predictor of growth rate of SRMs is defined at present.SRMs with high tumor grade and the subtype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma may have aggressive growth potential.Conclusions：AS is a reasonable choice for elderly patients with SRMs,who are at high risk from surgery.Progression during observation is the biggest concern while performing AS.There is no definite predictor of progression for SRMs under AS.Percutaneous renal biopsy providing immunohistological and genic biomarkers may improve the understanding of natural history of SRMs.展开更多
With urban development and social transformation, residential areas in some western countries have been faced with safety problems and community deterioration. In order to solve these problems through community planni...With urban development and social transformation, residential areas in some western countries have been faced with safety problems and community deterioration. In order to solve these problems through community planning, Crime Prevention through Environmental Design(CPTED) theory had been applied to practice. Rosengard residential area in Malmo, Sweden was a typical example of underclass community with physical and social problems. However, regeneration programme based on CPTED theory aimed to change the community from a problematical area to a safe and attractive neighborhood. Multidimensional analysis was carried out to illustrate the relationship between environmental improvement and security from community image, traffic system, territoriality and natural surveillance perspectives. This study could be considered as a referential approach for community construction and regeneration in China.展开更多
A combination therapy is discussed for the treatment of cancer, which has recently been applied successfully in a case study. The general approach is based on a combination of immune boosters, digestive enzymes and na...A combination therapy is discussed for the treatment of cancer, which has recently been applied successfully in a case study. The general approach is based on a combination of immune boosters, digestive enzymes and natural interferones. The idea is to stage a three-prong “pincer attack” on the tumor: while the immune boosters stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, the cytostatic properties of the interferones inhibit cancer growth, and the digestive enzymes accelerate the transport mechanism to remove the killed cancer cells from the body. The rationale of the therapy is explained, results of the case study are presented, and possible generalizations are mentioned.展开更多
文摘Objective：To review the natural history and growth kinetics of small renal masses （SRMs）.Data Sources：The literature concerning natural history and growth kinetics of SRMs was collected from PubMed published from 1990 to 2014.Study Selection：We included all the relevant articles on the active surveillance （AS） or delayed treatment for SRMs in English,with no limitation of study design.Results：SRMs under AS have a slow growth potential in general.The mean linear growth rate is 0.33 cm/year,the mean volumetric growth rate is 9.48 cm3/year.The rate of metastasis during AS is below 2％.Some factors are associated with the growth rate of SRMs,including tumor grade,histological subtype,initial tumor size,age,radiographic characteristics,and molecular markers.No definite predictor of growth rate of SRMs is defined at present.SRMs with high tumor grade and the subtype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma may have aggressive growth potential.Conclusions：AS is a reasonable choice for elderly patients with SRMs,who are at high risk from surgery.Progression during observation is the biggest concern while performing AS.There is no definite predictor of progression for SRMs under AS.Percutaneous renal biopsy providing immunohistological and genic biomarkers may improve the understanding of natural history of SRMs.
基金Sponsored by Qing-Lan Project for Outstanding Young Teachers of Jiangsu Province 2014
文摘With urban development and social transformation, residential areas in some western countries have been faced with safety problems and community deterioration. In order to solve these problems through community planning, Crime Prevention through Environmental Design(CPTED) theory had been applied to practice. Rosengard residential area in Malmo, Sweden was a typical example of underclass community with physical and social problems. However, regeneration programme based on CPTED theory aimed to change the community from a problematical area to a safe and attractive neighborhood. Multidimensional analysis was carried out to illustrate the relationship between environmental improvement and security from community image, traffic system, territoriality and natural surveillance perspectives. This study could be considered as a referential approach for community construction and regeneration in China.
文摘A combination therapy is discussed for the treatment of cancer, which has recently been applied successfully in a case study. The general approach is based on a combination of immune boosters, digestive enzymes and natural interferones. The idea is to stage a three-prong “pincer attack” on the tumor: while the immune boosters stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, the cytostatic properties of the interferones inhibit cancer growth, and the digestive enzymes accelerate the transport mechanism to remove the killed cancer cells from the body. The rationale of the therapy is explained, results of the case study are presented, and possible generalizations are mentioned.
