This paper proposes a multi-time collaborative restoration model for integrated electricity-gas distribution sys-tems(IEGDSs)considering multiple resources after extreme weather events.Based on the linearized power fl...This paper proposes a multi-time collaborative restoration model for integrated electricity-gas distribution sys-tems(IEGDSs)considering multiple resources after extreme weather events.Based on the linearized power flow constraints of the unbalanced electrical distribution system(EDS)and gas distribution system(GDS),this problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model.To improve the efficiency and veracity of the solution,a rolling optimiza-tion based two-stage method is developed with the first stage solved by a linear approximation model,and the second stage solved by real-time updated rolling optimization.By solving the MILP problem using rolling optimization,the proposed model and solution method achieve efficient and reliable collaborative restoration of IEGDS considering multiple resources and unbal-anced operation characteristics of EDS.The effectiveness of the proposed model and method is validated by using an IEGDS made of a 37-bus unbalanced EDS and 11-node GDS.Index Terms-Electricity-gas system,mix-integer linear programming,power system restoration.展开更多
Solar and wind energy are two of the most viable and sustainable sources of energy due to the tendency of renewal. The power generating supplies in Nigeria appear unreliable, rapidly diminishing and expensive. Researc...Solar and wind energy are two of the most viable and sustainable sources of energy due to the tendency of renewal. The power generating supplies in Nigeria appear unreliable, rapidly diminishing and expensive. Researches are sparse on operating both energy sources alongside fossil fuel for power generation in order to take advantage of their complementary characters. The aim of this study is to explore renewable sources combined with non-renewable source to generate electricity with the objective of establishing an optimal design for a hybrid solar-wind-diesel energy plant that minimizes cost. The capacity factor of the standalone system was determined for the study area. The cost of energy for the hybrid optimal mix was determined. Levelised cost of energy was also used to determine the cost of energy for standalone power system. The result shows that the energy generated 200 MW hybrid system is 392 GWh with a cost of energy of $0.24/kWh (47.8/kWh). The energy produced can power 39,200 homes in a year. The optimisation shows that the number of solar system, wind and diesel are 699, 1 and 300 respectively. The cost of energy for the standalone system was $0.06/kWh, $0.08/kWh and $0.27/kWh for wind, solar and diesel system. The capacity factor was 56%, 21% and 80% for wind, solar and diesel system. There is a reduction in the amount of greenhouse gases released to the environment alongside with cost of energy generation. Hybrid power generation system is good and effective solution for power generation than conventional energy resources.展开更多
Since the decision of the State Council in 1985 on expanding the export of electromechanical products, China’s exports of electrome-chanical products has freed itself from long fluctuation and realized fast growth. A...Since the decision of the State Council in 1985 on expanding the export of electromechanical products, China’s exports of electrome-chanical products has freed itself from long fluctuation and realized fast growth. According to statistics from the Customs Office, China’s exports of electro-mechanical products in 1995 reached US$43.86 billion, increasing 25 times in 10 years, and becoming China’s first pillar products for export. While achieving fast growth in exports, product mix has also seen sig-展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(51907122)National Key R&D Program of China under Giant(2018YFB0905000)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(SGTJDK00DWJS1800232).
文摘This paper proposes a multi-time collaborative restoration model for integrated electricity-gas distribution sys-tems(IEGDSs)considering multiple resources after extreme weather events.Based on the linearized power flow constraints of the unbalanced electrical distribution system(EDS)and gas distribution system(GDS),this problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model.To improve the efficiency and veracity of the solution,a rolling optimiza-tion based two-stage method is developed with the first stage solved by a linear approximation model,and the second stage solved by real-time updated rolling optimization.By solving the MILP problem using rolling optimization,the proposed model and solution method achieve efficient and reliable collaborative restoration of IEGDS considering multiple resources and unbal-anced operation characteristics of EDS.The effectiveness of the proposed model and method is validated by using an IEGDS made of a 37-bus unbalanced EDS and 11-node GDS.Index Terms-Electricity-gas system,mix-integer linear programming,power system restoration.
文摘Solar and wind energy are two of the most viable and sustainable sources of energy due to the tendency of renewal. The power generating supplies in Nigeria appear unreliable, rapidly diminishing and expensive. Researches are sparse on operating both energy sources alongside fossil fuel for power generation in order to take advantage of their complementary characters. The aim of this study is to explore renewable sources combined with non-renewable source to generate electricity with the objective of establishing an optimal design for a hybrid solar-wind-diesel energy plant that minimizes cost. The capacity factor of the standalone system was determined for the study area. The cost of energy for the hybrid optimal mix was determined. Levelised cost of energy was also used to determine the cost of energy for standalone power system. The result shows that the energy generated 200 MW hybrid system is 392 GWh with a cost of energy of $0.24/kWh (47.8/kWh). The energy produced can power 39,200 homes in a year. The optimisation shows that the number of solar system, wind and diesel are 699, 1 and 300 respectively. The cost of energy for the standalone system was $0.06/kWh, $0.08/kWh and $0.27/kWh for wind, solar and diesel system. The capacity factor was 56%, 21% and 80% for wind, solar and diesel system. There is a reduction in the amount of greenhouse gases released to the environment alongside with cost of energy generation. Hybrid power generation system is good and effective solution for power generation than conventional energy resources.
文摘Since the decision of the State Council in 1985 on expanding the export of electromechanical products, China’s exports of electrome-chanical products has freed itself from long fluctuation and realized fast growth. According to statistics from the Customs Office, China’s exports of electro-mechanical products in 1995 reached US$43.86 billion, increasing 25 times in 10 years, and becoming China’s first pillar products for export. While achieving fast growth in exports, product mix has also seen sig-
