Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolite...Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites,as well as the host metabolism,contribute to regulating the milk protein yield(MPY).Methods The rumen fluid,serum and milk of 12 Holstein cows with the same diet(45%coarseness ratio),parity(2–3 fetuses)and lactation days(120–150 d)were used for the microbiome and metabolome analysis.Rumen metabolism(rumen metabolome)and host metabolism(blood and milk metabolome)were connected using a weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)and the structural equation model(SEM)analyses.Results Two different ruminal enterotypes,with abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcus,were identified as type1 and type2.Of these,a higher MPY was found in cows with ruminal type2.Interestingly,[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae(the differential bacteria)were the hub genera of the network.In addition,differential ruminal,serum and milk metabolome between enterotypes were identified,where the cows with type2 had higher L-tyrosine of rumen,ornithine and L-tryptophan of serum,and tetrahydroneopterin,palmitoyl-L-carnitine,S-lactoylglutathione of milk,which could provide more energy and substrate for MPY.Further,based on the identi-fied modules of ruminal microbiome,as well as ruminal serum and milk metabolome using WGCNA,the SEM analysis indicated that the key ruminal microbial module1,which contains the hub genera of the network([Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae)and high abundance of bacteria(Prevotella and Ruminococcus),could regulate the MPY by module7 of rumen,module2 of blood,and module7 of milk,which contained L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Therefore,in order to more clearly reveal the process of rumen bacterial regulation of MPY,we established the path of SEM based on the L-tyrosine,L-tryptophan and related components.The SEM based on the metabolites suggested that[Ruminococcus]展开更多
Donkey milk(DM)has attracted immense attention owing to its resemblance to human milk.Consequently,its components require rigorous analysis.This study aimed to identify DM serum proteins(DMSPs)using a label-free MS-ba...Donkey milk(DM)has attracted immense attention owing to its resemblance to human milk.Consequently,its components require rigorous analysis.This study aimed to identify DM serum proteins(DMSPs)using a label-free MS-based proteomics method.Herein,1243 DMSPs were characterized in Dezhou DM,and 788 common DMSPs were identified and subsequently analyzed.Gene ontology analysis indicated the involvement of these proteins in cellular components(extracellular exosomes,extracellular space,and focal adhesion),biological processes(small guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)-mediated signal transduction,translation,and intracellular protein transport),and molecular functions(calcium ion binding,GTP binding,and poly(A)RNA binding).Additionally,metabolic pathway analysis confirmed that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum is the most related metabolic pathway,followed by those of ribosomes,phagosomes,endocytosis,complement,and coagulation cascades.This study,aimed at decoding the DM composition,advances our understanding of the potential biological functions of DMSPs.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272829,32072761,31902184)Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Association Young Talents Lifting Program Project(20220203).
文摘Background Dairy cows’lactation performance is the outcome of the crosstalk between ruminal microbial metabo-lism and host metabolism.However,it is still unclear to what extent the rumen microbiome and its metabolites,as well as the host metabolism,contribute to regulating the milk protein yield(MPY).Methods The rumen fluid,serum and milk of 12 Holstein cows with the same diet(45%coarseness ratio),parity(2–3 fetuses)and lactation days(120–150 d)were used for the microbiome and metabolome analysis.Rumen metabolism(rumen metabolome)and host metabolism(blood and milk metabolome)were connected using a weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA)and the structural equation model(SEM)analyses.Results Two different ruminal enterotypes,with abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcus,were identified as type1 and type2.Of these,a higher MPY was found in cows with ruminal type2.Interestingly,[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae(the differential bacteria)were the hub genera of the network.In addition,differential ruminal,serum and milk metabolome between enterotypes were identified,where the cows with type2 had higher L-tyrosine of rumen,ornithine and L-tryptophan of serum,and tetrahydroneopterin,palmitoyl-L-carnitine,S-lactoylglutathione of milk,which could provide more energy and substrate for MPY.Further,based on the identi-fied modules of ruminal microbiome,as well as ruminal serum and milk metabolome using WGCNA,the SEM analysis indicated that the key ruminal microbial module1,which contains the hub genera of the network([Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae)and high abundance of bacteria(Prevotella and Ruminococcus),could regulate the MPY by module7 of rumen,module2 of blood,and module7 of milk,which contained L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.Therefore,in order to more clearly reveal the process of rumen bacterial regulation of MPY,we established the path of SEM based on the L-tyrosine,L-tryptophan and related components.The SEM based on the metabolites suggested that[Ruminococcus]
基金This study was supported by The“Thirteenth Five Year”National Science and Technology Plan Project of China(2018YFC1603703 and 2018YFC1604302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(2013BAD18B03)+1 种基金China Scholarship Council(202008210391),Shenyang Technological Innovation Project(Y17-0-028),LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Project(XLYC1902083)Postgraduate Innovation and Cultivation Project of Shenyang Agricultural University(2021YCXB04).
文摘Donkey milk(DM)has attracted immense attention owing to its resemblance to human milk.Consequently,its components require rigorous analysis.This study aimed to identify DM serum proteins(DMSPs)using a label-free MS-based proteomics method.Herein,1243 DMSPs were characterized in Dezhou DM,and 788 common DMSPs were identified and subsequently analyzed.Gene ontology analysis indicated the involvement of these proteins in cellular components(extracellular exosomes,extracellular space,and focal adhesion),biological processes(small guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)-mediated signal transduction,translation,and intracellular protein transport),and molecular functions(calcium ion binding,GTP binding,and poly(A)RNA binding).Additionally,metabolic pathway analysis confirmed that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum is the most related metabolic pathway,followed by those of ribosomes,phagosomes,endocytosis,complement,and coagulation cascades.This study,aimed at decoding the DM composition,advances our understanding of the potential biological functions of DMSPs.
