Endothelial cilia are microtubule-based hair-like protrusions in the lumen of blood vessels that function as fluid mechanosensors to regulate vascular hemodynamics. However, the functions of endothelial cilia in vascu...Endothelial cilia are microtubule-based hair-like protrusions in the lumen of blood vessels that function as fluid mechanosensors to regulate vascular hemodynamics. However, the functions of endothelial cilia in vascular development remain controversial. In this study, depletion of several key proteins responsible for ciliogenesis allows us to identify a cilium-independent role for intraflagellar transport 88(IFT88) in mammalian angiogenesis. Disruption of primary cilia by heat shock does not affect the angiogenic process. However, depletion of IFT88 significantly inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. IFT88 mediates angiogenesis by regulating the migration, polarization, proliferation, and oriented division of vascular endothelial cells. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that IFT88 interacts with c-tubulin and microtubule plus-end tracking proteins and promotes microtubule stability. Our findings indicate that IFT88 regulates angiogenesis through its actions in microtubule-based cellular processes, independent of its role in ciliogenesis.展开更多
EB1(the end-binding protein 1)蛋白家族是一群广泛存在且高度保守的微管相关蛋白,存在于从酵母到人类的广泛的生物体中.它与微管正极和中心体结合,参与了绝大部分基于微管的生理过程,包括:维持细胞极性,调节染色体稳定性,有丝分裂纺...EB1(the end-binding protein 1)蛋白家族是一群广泛存在且高度保守的微管相关蛋白,存在于从酵母到人类的广泛的生物体中.它与微管正极和中心体结合,参与了绝大部分基于微管的生理过程,包括:维持细胞极性,调节染色体稳定性,有丝分裂纺锤体的定位,将微管锚定到成核位点.自从1995年,Su等人在人细胞中发现了EB1基因,各种生物体中EB1的同源物质被相继报道.十年来,人们通过对不同生物体的研究,试图揭开EB1在细胞中的分布以及它的生理功能.然而到目前为止,对于EB1的了解还非常有限.本文结合国外的研究成果,对EB1蛋白在调节微管动态、纺锤体定位和染色体的稳定性方面以及它与APC(the adenomatous polyposis coli)之间的相互作用作以综述.展开更多
蛋白激酶TAOKs(thousand and one amino acid protein kinases)是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族成员,属于生发中心激酶(GCK)样类别Ste20样激酶,是一种与细胞骨架稳定性密切相关的蛋白激酶。TAOKs共有三个成员:TAOK1、TAOK2和TAOK3,其结构...蛋白激酶TAOKs(thousand and one amino acid protein kinases)是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族成员,属于生发中心激酶(GCK)样类别Ste20样激酶,是一种与细胞骨架稳定性密切相关的蛋白激酶。TAOKs共有三个成员:TAOK1、TAOK2和TAOK3,其结构域均高度保守,广泛表达于多种细胞和组织。作为丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联的上游激酶,TAOKs通过p38 MAPK和JNK/SAPK等信号通路,调节细胞和组织中重要的生理和病理反应,参与细胞有丝分裂和细胞凋亡等生命过程。研究表明,TAOKs在JNK/SAPK种疾病,例如肿瘤和神经退行性疾病等的发生发展过程中发挥了一定作用,此外,TAOKs也参与免疫细胞的成熟活化和机体炎症反应的调控。该文就TAOKs的生物学功能及其在各种疾病中的研究进展进行了综述,并对其今后潜在的研究方向进行了探讨。展开更多
A theoretical investigation on the structural and elastic properties of ZnO nanotubes is carried out by using atomistic calculations based on an inter-atomic pair potential within the shell-model approach. The calcula...A theoretical investigation on the structural and elastic properties of ZnO nanotubes is carried out by using atomistic calculations based on an inter-atomic pair potential within the shell-model approach. The calculation results are presented for the bond length, bond angle, radius dilation, strain energy, Young modulus and Poisson ratio as a function of tube radius. For small tube radius these properties depend on the helicity of the tube, while for the tube radius larger than 6.0A, they are independent of the tube radius and helicity except for the strain energy which decreases with increasing tube radius.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0503502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730050,31871347,and 31900502)。
文摘Endothelial cilia are microtubule-based hair-like protrusions in the lumen of blood vessels that function as fluid mechanosensors to regulate vascular hemodynamics. However, the functions of endothelial cilia in vascular development remain controversial. In this study, depletion of several key proteins responsible for ciliogenesis allows us to identify a cilium-independent role for intraflagellar transport 88(IFT88) in mammalian angiogenesis. Disruption of primary cilia by heat shock does not affect the angiogenic process. However, depletion of IFT88 significantly inhibits angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. IFT88 mediates angiogenesis by regulating the migration, polarization, proliferation, and oriented division of vascular endothelial cells. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that IFT88 interacts with c-tubulin and microtubule plus-end tracking proteins and promotes microtubule stability. Our findings indicate that IFT88 regulates angiogenesis through its actions in microtubule-based cellular processes, independent of its role in ciliogenesis.
文摘蛋白激酶TAOKs(thousand and one amino acid protein kinases)是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族成员,属于生发中心激酶(GCK)样类别Ste20样激酶,是一种与细胞骨架稳定性密切相关的蛋白激酶。TAOKs共有三个成员:TAOK1、TAOK2和TAOK3,其结构域均高度保守,广泛表达于多种细胞和组织。作为丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)级联的上游激酶,TAOKs通过p38 MAPK和JNK/SAPK等信号通路,调节细胞和组织中重要的生理和病理反应,参与细胞有丝分裂和细胞凋亡等生命过程。研究表明,TAOKs在JNK/SAPK种疾病,例如肿瘤和神经退行性疾病等的发生发展过程中发挥了一定作用,此外,TAOKs也参与免疫细胞的成熟活化和机体炎症反应的调控。该文就TAOKs的生物学功能及其在各种疾病中的研究进展进行了综述,并对其今后潜在的研究方向进行了探讨。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10025420, 10574121 and 90406024, the Ministry of Education of China, and Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘A theoretical investigation on the structural and elastic properties of ZnO nanotubes is carried out by using atomistic calculations based on an inter-atomic pair potential within the shell-model approach. The calculation results are presented for the bond length, bond angle, radius dilation, strain energy, Young modulus and Poisson ratio as a function of tube radius. For small tube radius these properties depend on the helicity of the tube, while for the tube radius larger than 6.0A, they are independent of the tube radius and helicity except for the strain energy which decreases with increasing tube radius.
