As a natural immune cell and antigen presenting cell,macrophages have been studied and engineered to treat human diseases.Macrophages are well-suited for use as drug carriers because of their biological characteristic...As a natural immune cell and antigen presenting cell,macrophages have been studied and engineered to treat human diseases.Macrophages are well-suited for use as drug carriers because of their biological characteristics,such as excellent biocompatibility,long circulation,intrinsic inflammatory homing and phagocytosis.Meanwhile,macrophages’uniquely high plasticity and easy re-education polarization facilitates their use as part of efficacious therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases or tumors.Although recent studies have demonstrated promising advances in macrophage-based drug delivery,several challenges currently hinder further improvement of therapeutic effect and clinical application.This article focuses on the main challenges of utilizing macrophage-based drug delivery,from the selection of macrophage sources,drug loading,and maintenance of macrophage phenotypes,to drug migration and release at target sites.In addition,corresponding strategies and insights related to these challenges are described.Finally,we also provide perspective on shortcomings on the road to clinical translation and production.展开更多
In this paper,the power law of particle size distributions (PSDs) in conventional water treatment processes is developed. After measuring the particle size distributions of raw-water,settled water and filtered water,a...In this paper,the power law of particle size distributions (PSDs) in conventional water treatment processes is developed. After measuring the particle size distributions of raw-water,settled water and filtered water,a mathematical model between particle diameter and the amount of particles was studied. The value of collision frequency factor β in the PSDs model can be used to represent the collision behavior of particles ,and can be used as foundation exponent to choose suitable coagulation to accelerate particles aggregation. At the same time,the relationship between the value of parameter K and the total particles volume V was deduced. K is defined as particle volume exponent,which can represent the total volume of particles. The degression degree of K shows the removal efficiency of potable water treatment units.展开更多
The magnetic field is an important factor in the conditioning and controlling tribologicalproperty. This paper analyzes and describes the physical effects and chemical natures of magneticfield to affect the friction, ...The magnetic field is an important factor in the conditioning and controlling tribologicalproperty. This paper analyzes and describes the physical effects and chemical natures of magneticfield to affect the friction, wear and lubrication, and characterize the tribochemical effect of mag-netic field on WRL lubricant by infrared(IR) spectrum method. At same time, the tribological prop-erty of WRL lubricant was examined by using the reciprocating friction-wear tester of NG-x type inthe condition of magnetic field. The results show that the present of magnetic field can decreasethe friction coefficient(f) and wear weight(W), even realize the zero-wear testing situation.展开更多
A biomimetic approach is used to generate a directed transversal transportation of micron-sized particles in liquids based on the principle of cilia-type arrays in coordinated motion. Rows of flaps mimicking planar ci...A biomimetic approach is used to generate a directed transversal transportation of micron-sized particles in liquids based on the principle of cilia-type arrays in coordinated motion. Rows of flaps mimicking planar cilia are positioned off-centre along an array of cavities covered with membranes that support the flaps. These membranes are deflected from a concave to a convex shape and vice versa by pneumatic actuation applying positive and negative pressures (relative to the ambient) inside the cavities. As a result, the flap on top of the membrane tilts to the left or right within such a pressure cycle, performing a beat stroke. Since each cavity can be addressed in the device individually and in rapid succession, waves of coordinated flap motion can be run along the wall. Such metachronal waves are generated and transport of particles along the cilia surface is achieved in both symplectic and antiplectic direction. It is shown that the initial tilt of the flaps relative to the wall-normal determines the direction of transport.展开更多
The preparation conditions were studied in order to obtain smaller, narrow size-distributed and low-density polystyrene (PS) micro-particles by suspension polymerization. The results show that some of preparation cond...The preparation conditions were studied in order to obtain smaller, narrow size-distributed and low-density polystyrene (PS) micro-particles by suspension polymerization. The results show that some of preparation conditions, the shape and position of stirrers, and stirring rate etc., have important influence on the size and distribution of particles. The preparation conditions must be carefully designed and controlled in order to obtain high-quality PS beads. A bow-shaped stirrer is helpful to produce small-sized particles and narrow size distribution, and the upper edge of a stirrer should be set to the same level as the surface of mixture, and the stirring rate should be controlled in the range of 520-600 r/min.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC82003702,NSFC31571195).
文摘As a natural immune cell and antigen presenting cell,macrophages have been studied and engineered to treat human diseases.Macrophages are well-suited for use as drug carriers because of their biological characteristics,such as excellent biocompatibility,long circulation,intrinsic inflammatory homing and phagocytosis.Meanwhile,macrophages’uniquely high plasticity and easy re-education polarization facilitates their use as part of efficacious therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases or tumors.Although recent studies have demonstrated promising advances in macrophage-based drug delivery,several challenges currently hinder further improvement of therapeutic effect and clinical application.This article focuses on the main challenges of utilizing macrophage-based drug delivery,from the selection of macrophage sources,drug loading,and maintenance of macrophage phenotypes,to drug migration and release at target sites.In addition,corresponding strategies and insights related to these challenges are described.Finally,we also provide perspective on shortcomings on the road to clinical translation and production.
基金Sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China(973)(Grant No.2004CB41850)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Prov-ince(Grant No.E200609)
文摘In this paper,the power law of particle size distributions (PSDs) in conventional water treatment processes is developed. After measuring the particle size distributions of raw-water,settled water and filtered water,a mathematical model between particle diameter and the amount of particles was studied. The value of collision frequency factor β in the PSDs model can be used to represent the collision behavior of particles ,and can be used as foundation exponent to choose suitable coagulation to accelerate particles aggregation. At the same time,the relationship between the value of parameter K and the total particles volume V was deduced. K is defined as particle volume exponent,which can represent the total volume of particles. The degression degree of K shows the removal efficiency of potable water treatment units.
文摘The magnetic field is an important factor in the conditioning and controlling tribologicalproperty. This paper analyzes and describes the physical effects and chemical natures of magneticfield to affect the friction, wear and lubrication, and characterize the tribochemical effect of mag-netic field on WRL lubricant by infrared(IR) spectrum method. At same time, the tribological prop-erty of WRL lubricant was examined by using the reciprocating friction-wear tester of NG-x type inthe condition of magnetic field. The results show that the present of magnetic field can decreasethe friction coefficient(f) and wear weight(W), even realize the zero-wear testing situation.
文摘A biomimetic approach is used to generate a directed transversal transportation of micron-sized particles in liquids based on the principle of cilia-type arrays in coordinated motion. Rows of flaps mimicking planar cilia are positioned off-centre along an array of cavities covered with membranes that support the flaps. These membranes are deflected from a concave to a convex shape and vice versa by pneumatic actuation applying positive and negative pressures (relative to the ambient) inside the cavities. As a result, the flap on top of the membrane tilts to the left or right within such a pressure cycle, performing a beat stroke. Since each cavity can be addressed in the device individually and in rapid succession, waves of coordinated flap motion can be run along the wall. Such metachronal waves are generated and transport of particles along the cilia surface is achieved in both symplectic and antiplectic direction. It is shown that the initial tilt of the flaps relative to the wall-normal determines the direction of transport.
文摘The preparation conditions were studied in order to obtain smaller, narrow size-distributed and low-density polystyrene (PS) micro-particles by suspension polymerization. The results show that some of preparation conditions, the shape and position of stirrers, and stirring rate etc., have important influence on the size and distribution of particles. The preparation conditions must be carefully designed and controlled in order to obtain high-quality PS beads. A bow-shaped stirrer is helpful to produce small-sized particles and narrow size distribution, and the upper edge of a stirrer should be set to the same level as the surface of mixture, and the stirring rate should be controlled in the range of 520-600 r/min.
