目的探究呼吸重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)中患者发生机械通气相关性肺炎(ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)的原因,并总结相应的护理对策。方法择取2014年12月~2016年12月期间于本院ICU病房接受机械通气治疗并发生VAP的80...目的探究呼吸重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)中患者发生机械通气相关性肺炎(ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)的原因,并总结相应的护理对策。方法择取2014年12月~2016年12月期间于本院ICU病房接受机械通气治疗并发生VAP的80例呼吸重症患者,随机分为例数相等的两组并给予不同护理措施:研究组40例患者行集束化护理;对照组40例患者行常规护理。比较两组患者的治疗、护理效果。结果研究组祛痰率为95.00%,机械通气时间为(6.54±1.05)d,ICU入住时间为(9.08±2.23)d;对照组祛痰率为77.50%,机械通气时间为(11.34±2.35)d,ICU入住时间为(15.92±3.77)d,研究组均优于对照组,统计学有差异(P<0.05)。结论在呼吸重症ICU病房中为VAP患者实行集束化护理,可以增强祛痰效果,缩短机械通气时间与ICU入住时间,使患者更快地康复。展开更多
The mechanical properties and constitutive behaviors of as-cast AA7050 in both the solid and semi-solid states were determined using the on-cooling and in situ solidification approaches, respectively. The results show...The mechanical properties and constitutive behaviors of as-cast AA7050 in both the solid and semi-solid states were determined using the on-cooling and in situ solidification approaches, respectively. The results show that the strength in the solid state tends to increase with decreasing temperature. The strain rate plays an important role in the stress–strain behaviors at higher temperatures, whereas the influence becomes less pronounced and irregular when the temperature is less than 250°C. The experimental data were fitted to the extended Ludwik equation, which is suitable to describe the mechanical behavior of the materials in the as-cast state. In the semi-solid state, both the strength and ductility of the alloy are high near the solidus temperature and decrease drastically with decreasing solid fraction. As the solid fraction is less than 0.97, the maximum strength only slightly decreases, whereas the post-peak ductility begins to increase. The experimental data were fitted to the modified creep law, which is used to describe the mechanical behavior of semi-solid materials, to determine the equivalent parameter fGBWL, i.e., the fraction of grain boundaries covered by liquid phase.展开更多
文摘目的探究呼吸重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)中患者发生机械通气相关性肺炎(ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)的原因,并总结相应的护理对策。方法择取2014年12月~2016年12月期间于本院ICU病房接受机械通气治疗并发生VAP的80例呼吸重症患者,随机分为例数相等的两组并给予不同护理措施:研究组40例患者行集束化护理;对照组40例患者行常规护理。比较两组患者的治疗、护理效果。结果研究组祛痰率为95.00%,机械通气时间为(6.54±1.05)d,ICU入住时间为(9.08±2.23)d;对照组祛痰率为77.50%,机械通气时间为(11.34±2.35)d,ICU入住时间为(15.92±3.77)d,研究组均优于对照组,统计学有差异(P<0.05)。结论在呼吸重症ICU病房中为VAP患者实行集束化护理,可以增强祛痰效果,缩短机械通气时间与ICU入住时间,使患者更快地康复。
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.FRF-BR-15-078A)Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation,Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20120006110019)the Opening Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials(Nos.2012Z-13,2014ZD-02,and 2015-ZD08)
文摘The mechanical properties and constitutive behaviors of as-cast AA7050 in both the solid and semi-solid states were determined using the on-cooling and in situ solidification approaches, respectively. The results show that the strength in the solid state tends to increase with decreasing temperature. The strain rate plays an important role in the stress–strain behaviors at higher temperatures, whereas the influence becomes less pronounced and irregular when the temperature is less than 250°C. The experimental data were fitted to the extended Ludwik equation, which is suitable to describe the mechanical behavior of the materials in the as-cast state. In the semi-solid state, both the strength and ductility of the alloy are high near the solidus temperature and decrease drastically with decreasing solid fraction. As the solid fraction is less than 0.97, the maximum strength only slightly decreases, whereas the post-peak ductility begins to increase. The experimental data were fitted to the modified creep law, which is used to describe the mechanical behavior of semi-solid materials, to determine the equivalent parameter fGBWL, i.e., the fraction of grain boundaries covered by liquid phase.
