The novel efficient procedure has been developed for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes.A series of hydrotalcite-like materials were synthesized as catalyst for the conjugate addition of am...The novel efficient procedure has been developed for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes.A series of hydrotalcite-like materials were synthesized as catalyst for the conjugate addition of amines and alkenes.After optimizing the reaction conditions,ZnAl-LDHs (3:1) was chosen as the best catalyst for the reaction.The results showed that the catalyst worked very well for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes with the excellent yields in several minutes.Operational simplicity,no solvent,low cost of the catalyst,high yields,reusability,excellent chemoselectivity,wide applicability are the key features of this method.展开更多
This study aimed at the synthesis of silica particles grafted with better-defined homopolymers and block copolymers by tandem approach.Z-functionalized Sbenzyl S’-(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyltrithiocarbonate(BTPT)was us...This study aimed at the synthesis of silica particles grafted with better-defined homopolymers and block copolymers by tandem approach.Z-functionalized Sbenzyl S’-(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyltrithiocarbonate(BTPT)was used as a couplable RAFT agent to synthesize the target inorganic-organic hybrids.Simultaneous coupling reaction and RAFT process using silica particles and BTPT as raw materials efficiently afforded homopolymers grafted silica,and RAFTsynthesized macro chain transfer agents withω-terminal trimethoxysilane moiety were utilized to mediate graft reaction to prepare silica particles grafted with di-,tri-and tetrablock copolymers comprised of polymer segments such as polystyrene,polyacrylamides and polyacrylates.When the grafted chains had molecular weights ranging between 3920 and 24800 g/mol,the molar grafting ratios,which were dependent on reaction conditions and types and compositions of grafted chains,were estimated to be in the range of 15.2–101μmol/g,and grafted polymers usually had polydispersity indices lower than 1.3,revealing that the grafting process was almost controllable.To the best of our knowledge,this versatile tandem approach is one of the most facile techniques to prepare silica particles grafted with polymeric chains with controlled molecular weight,low polydispersity and precise composition due to its minimal reaction steps,mild conditions,straightforward synthesis and satisfactory controllability.展开更多
以园区内生物质为对象,研究了不同生物质原料配比及外源物添加产沼气效果。结果表明,在固液比为1:12.5、夏季高温(33~37℃)条件下,以100%的牛粪添加1‰牛肉膏和1.5‰蛋白胨的处理日产气量、累积产气量和干物质产气率最高,分别为414.89 m...以园区内生物质为对象,研究了不同生物质原料配比及外源物添加产沼气效果。结果表明,在固液比为1:12.5、夏季高温(33~37℃)条件下,以100%的牛粪添加1‰牛肉膏和1.5‰蛋白胨的处理日产气量、累积产气量和干物质产气率最高,分别为414.89 m L/d、18 255 m L、139.31 m L/g;以70%牛粪+30%稻草的处理各项指标次之,分别为361.00 m L/d、15 884 m L、121.21 m L/g,而单一的牛粪或者70%牛粪+30%谷壳作为生物质原料发酵,沼气产量相对较低。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China (2006BAE03B06)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B409)Shanghai International Cooperation of Science and Technology Project (06SR07101)
文摘The novel efficient procedure has been developed for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes.A series of hydrotalcite-like materials were synthesized as catalyst for the conjugate addition of amines and alkenes.After optimizing the reaction conditions,ZnAl-LDHs (3:1) was chosen as the best catalyst for the reaction.The results showed that the catalyst worked very well for the conjugate addition of amines to electron deficient alkenes with the excellent yields in several minutes.Operational simplicity,no solvent,low cost of the catalyst,high yields,reusability,excellent chemoselectivity,wide applicability are the key features of this method.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20844001,20874067 and 21074081)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘This study aimed at the synthesis of silica particles grafted with better-defined homopolymers and block copolymers by tandem approach.Z-functionalized Sbenzyl S’-(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyltrithiocarbonate(BTPT)was used as a couplable RAFT agent to synthesize the target inorganic-organic hybrids.Simultaneous coupling reaction and RAFT process using silica particles and BTPT as raw materials efficiently afforded homopolymers grafted silica,and RAFTsynthesized macro chain transfer agents withω-terminal trimethoxysilane moiety were utilized to mediate graft reaction to prepare silica particles grafted with di-,tri-and tetrablock copolymers comprised of polymer segments such as polystyrene,polyacrylamides and polyacrylates.When the grafted chains had molecular weights ranging between 3920 and 24800 g/mol,the molar grafting ratios,which were dependent on reaction conditions and types and compositions of grafted chains,were estimated to be in the range of 15.2–101μmol/g,and grafted polymers usually had polydispersity indices lower than 1.3,revealing that the grafting process was almost controllable.To the best of our knowledge,this versatile tandem approach is one of the most facile techniques to prepare silica particles grafted with polymeric chains with controlled molecular weight,low polydispersity and precise composition due to its minimal reaction steps,mild conditions,straightforward synthesis and satisfactory controllability.
文摘以园区内生物质为对象,研究了不同生物质原料配比及外源物添加产沼气效果。结果表明,在固液比为1:12.5、夏季高温(33~37℃)条件下,以100%的牛粪添加1‰牛肉膏和1.5‰蛋白胨的处理日产气量、累积产气量和干物质产气率最高,分别为414.89 m L/d、18 255 m L、139.31 m L/g;以70%牛粪+30%稻草的处理各项指标次之,分别为361.00 m L/d、15 884 m L、121.21 m L/g,而单一的牛粪或者70%牛粪+30%谷壳作为生物质原料发酵,沼气产量相对较低。
