Patients exhibit good tolerance to messenger ribonucleic acid(m RNA)vaccines,and the choice of encoded molecules is flexible and diverse.These vaccines can be engineered to express full-length antigens containing mult...Patients exhibit good tolerance to messenger ribonucleic acid(m RNA)vaccines,and the choice of encoded molecules is flexible and diverse.These vaccines can be engineered to express full-length antigens containing multiple epitopes without major histocompatibility complex(MHC)restriction,are relatively easy to control and can be rapidly mass produced.In 2021,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved the first m RNA-based coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine produced by Pfizer and Bio NTech,which has generated enthusiasm for m RNA vaccine research and development.Based on the above characteristics and the development of m RNA vaccines,m RNA cancer vaccines have become a research hotspot and have undergone rapid development,especially in the last five years.This review analyzes the advances in m RNA cancer vaccines from various perspectives,including the selection and expression of antigens/targets,the application of vectors and adjuvants,different administration routes,and preclinical evaluation,to reflect the trends and challenges associated with these vaccines.展开更多
Recent advancements in the production,modification,and cellular delivery of RNA molecules facilitated the expansion of RNAbased therapeutics.The increasing understanding of RNA biology initiated a corresponding growth...Recent advancements in the production,modification,and cellular delivery of RNA molecules facilitated the expansion of RNAbased therapeutics.The increasing understanding of RNA biology initiated a corresponding growth in RNA therapeutics.In this review,the general concepts of five classes of RNA-based therapeutics,including RNA interference-based therapies,antisense oligonucleotides,small activating RNA therapies,circular RNA therapies,and messenger RNA-based therapeutics,will be discussed.Moreover,we also provide an overview of RNA-based therapeutics that have already received regulatory approval or are currently being evaluated in clinical trials,along with challenges faced by these technologies.RNA-based drugs demonstrated positive clinical trial results and have the ability to address previously“undruggable”targets,which delivers great promise as a disruptive therapeutic technology to fulfill its full clinical potentiality.展开更多
mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternative platforms to conventional vaccines.Their ease of production,low cost,safety profile and high potency render them ideal candidates for prevention and treatment of inf...mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternative platforms to conventional vaccines.Their ease of production,low cost,safety profile and high potency render them ideal candidates for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,especially in the midst of pandemics.The challenges that face in vitro transcribed RNA were partially amended by addition of tethered adjuvants or co-delivery of naked mRNA with an adjuvanttethered RNA.However,it wasn’t until recently that the progress made in nanotechnology helped enhance mRNA stability and delivery by entrapment in novel delivery systems of which,lipid nanoparticles.The continuous advancement in the fields of nanotechnology and tissue engineering provided novel carriers for mRNA vaccines such as polymeric nanoparticles and scaffolds.Various studies have shown the advantages of adopting mRNA vaccines for viral diseases and cancer in animal and human studies.Self-amplifying mRNA is considered today the next generation of mRNA vaccines and current studies reveal promising outcomes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines used in past and present studies,and discusses future directions and challenges in advancing this vaccine platform to widespread clinical use.展开更多
文摘Patients exhibit good tolerance to messenger ribonucleic acid(m RNA)vaccines,and the choice of encoded molecules is flexible and diverse.These vaccines can be engineered to express full-length antigens containing multiple epitopes without major histocompatibility complex(MHC)restriction,are relatively easy to control and can be rapidly mass produced.In 2021,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)approved the first m RNA-based coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine produced by Pfizer and Bio NTech,which has generated enthusiasm for m RNA vaccine research and development.Based on the above characteristics and the development of m RNA vaccines,m RNA cancer vaccines have become a research hotspot and have undergone rapid development,especially in the last five years.This review analyzes the advances in m RNA cancer vaccines from various perspectives,including the selection and expression of antigens/targets,the application of vectors and adjuvants,different administration routes,and preclinical evaluation,to reflect the trends and challenges associated with these vaccines.
文摘Recent advancements in the production,modification,and cellular delivery of RNA molecules facilitated the expansion of RNAbased therapeutics.The increasing understanding of RNA biology initiated a corresponding growth in RNA therapeutics.In this review,the general concepts of five classes of RNA-based therapeutics,including RNA interference-based therapies,antisense oligonucleotides,small activating RNA therapies,circular RNA therapies,and messenger RNA-based therapeutics,will be discussed.Moreover,we also provide an overview of RNA-based therapeutics that have already received regulatory approval or are currently being evaluated in clinical trials,along with challenges faced by these technologies.RNA-based drugs demonstrated positive clinical trial results and have the ability to address previously“undruggable”targets,which delivers great promise as a disruptive therapeutic technology to fulfill its full clinical potentiality.
基金support received from American University of Beirut(AUB)for their support and encouragement in carrying out this work.
文摘mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternative platforms to conventional vaccines.Their ease of production,low cost,safety profile and high potency render them ideal candidates for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,especially in the midst of pandemics.The challenges that face in vitro transcribed RNA were partially amended by addition of tethered adjuvants or co-delivery of naked mRNA with an adjuvanttethered RNA.However,it wasn’t until recently that the progress made in nanotechnology helped enhance mRNA stability and delivery by entrapment in novel delivery systems of which,lipid nanoparticles.The continuous advancement in the fields of nanotechnology and tissue engineering provided novel carriers for mRNA vaccines such as polymeric nanoparticles and scaffolds.Various studies have shown the advantages of adopting mRNA vaccines for viral diseases and cancer in animal and human studies.Self-amplifying mRNA is considered today the next generation of mRNA vaccines and current studies reveal promising outcomes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines used in past and present studies,and discusses future directions and challenges in advancing this vaccine platform to widespread clinical use.
