A carbon-oxygen-bridged ladder-type donor unit （CO5） was invented and prepared via an ＂intramolecu- lar demethanolization cyclization＂ approach. Its single crystal structure indicates enhanced planarity compared w...A carbon-oxygen-bridged ladder-type donor unit （CO5） was invented and prepared via an ＂intramolecu- lar demethanolization cyclization＂ approach. Its single crystal structure indicates enhanced planarity compared with the carbon-bridged analogue indacenodithiophene （IDT）. Owing to the stronger electron-donating capability of CO5 than IDT, CO5-based donor and acceptor materials show narrower bandgaps. A donor-acceptor （D-A） copolymer donor （PCO5TPD） and an A-D-A nonfullerene acceptor （COSIC） demonstrated higher performance than IDT-based counterparts, PIDTTPD and IDTIC, respec-tively. The better performance of CO5-based materials results from their stronger light-harvesting capability and higher charge-carrier mobilities.展开更多
Non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)become an interesting family of organic photovoltaic materials,and have attracted considerable interest for their great potential in manufacturing large-area flexible solar panels by low c...Non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)become an interesting family of organic photovoltaic materials,and have attracted considerable interest for their great potential in manufacturing large-area flexible solar panels by low cost coating methods[1–5].Recently,our group proposed in the first time an A-DA’D-A molecular strategy and synthesized a new class of non-fullerene acceptor Y6 with a record efficiency above 15%with single junction organic solar cells(OSCs)[6].To further improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs,many effective strategies have been successfully explored,such as side-chain engineering and extension of fused core and terminal group engineering[7–12].As well-known,PCE of devices is determined by the open circuit voltage(Voc),short-circuit current density(Jsc)and fill factor(FF)[13].Among them,Voc is associated with low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)of donor and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)of acceptor of the active layer[14–16].Side-chain engineering is an effective strategy for manipulating energy levels and improving photovoltaic performance of devices[17–19].For example,introducing the alkyl/alkoxy chains can effectively tune the HOMO/LUMO energy levels[20–22].Tang et al.have reported a novel non-fullerene acceptor ITC6-IC.ITC6-IC has relatively high LUMO level and high Voc than those of ITIC due to the introduction of weak electrondonating hexyl group on thiophene[23].展开更多
This paper investigates the effects of spontaneously induced coherence on absorption properties in a nearly equispaced three-level ladder-type system driven by two coherent fields. It find that the absorption properti...This paper investigates the effects of spontaneously induced coherence on absorption properties in a nearly equispaced three-level ladder-type system driven by two coherent fields. It find that the absorption properties of this system with the probe field applied on the lower transition can be significantly modified if this coherence is optimized. In the case of small spontaneous decay rate in the upper excited state, it finds that such coherence does not destroy the electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT）. Nevertheless, the absorption peak on both sides of zero detuning and the linewidth of absorption line become larger and narrower than those in the case corresponding to the effects of spontaneously induced coherence; while in the case of large decay rate, it finds that, instead of EIT with low resonant absorption, a sharp absorption peak at resonance appears. That is, electromagnetically induced absorption in the nearly equispaced ladder-type system can occur due to such coherent effects.展开更多
We present a new design strategy to synthesize ladder-type thienoacenaphthopyrazine(TAP)-based monomers through two different coupling reactions from starting material 5,6-dibromoacenaphthylene-1,2-dione.By bringing v...We present a new design strategy to synthesize ladder-type thienoacenaphthopyrazine(TAP)-based monomers through two different coupling reactions from starting material 5,6-dibromoacenaphthylene-1,2-dione.By bringing varous electron-deficient groups together(such as five-membered aromatic rings,pyrazine,fluorine,and thiadiazols),this new family of molecules exhibits good stability in ambient conditions and easily tunes the electronic,photophysical and film-forming properties of polymers.The unique molecular shape with its extendedπ-conjugated backbone perpendicular to the polymer chain,offers a remarkable platform for the development of a semiconducting polymer with rare geometry.The planar and enlarged conjugated backbone enables TAP-based copolymers PTAP1 and PTAP2 to exhibit distinguishing solubility properties that are different from small-molecule-based polymers,indicating the advantages of novel ladder-type monomers.Their insolubility in chloroform supports orthogonal solvent processing to fabricate layer-by-layer organic solar cells(LBL-OSCs).Owing to its shorterπ–πstacking distance,higher hole mobility,and more favorable phase separation caused bymultifluorine substitution,polymer PTAP1-based LBL-OSC exhibits the highest efficiency of 17.14%by using Y6-BO as the electron acceptor while the efficiency for the PTAP2-based device is 14.20%.This high efficiency indicates the tremendous potential of these novel building units.展开更多
One important subject in the field of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is the exploration of electron-deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties to promote the performance of polymer accepto...One important subject in the field of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is the exploration of electron-deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties to promote the performance of polymer acceptors. Here, two ladder-type heteroheptacene-containing small-molecule acceptors with branched 2-octyldodecyl or 2-hexyldecyl side-chains are synthesized and polymerized with the thiophene co-monomer to afford polymer acceptors (PW-OD and PW-HD) with strong near-infrared absorption. Experimental results reveal that the alkyl chain length has a large impact on the molecular packing behavior of the resulting polymers, which in turn affects their light-absorbing and charge transport properties, and thus the photovoltaic performance of the final devices. When blended with the polymer donor PM6, PW-HD-based all-PSCs deliver a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.12% compared to the PCE of 6.47% for the PW-OD-based all-PSCs, mainly due to its more ordered inter-chain packing and more favorable blend morphology. This work provides a promising building block for the development of high-performance narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors and highlights the importance of side-chain substitution in optimizing the photovoltaic performance of polymer acceptors.展开更多
Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality”and“emission peak”,effectively controlling system carbon emissions has become significantly important to governments around the world.To this end,a novel two-stage low-carbo...Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality”and“emission peak”,effectively controlling system carbon emissions has become significantly important to governments around the world.To this end,a novel two-stage low-carbon economic scheduling framework that considers the coordinated optimization of ladder-type carbon trading and integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed in this paper for the integrated energy system(IES),where the first stage determines the energy consumption plan of users by leveraging the price-based electrical-heat IDR.In contrast,the second stage minimizes the system total cost to optimize the outputs of generations with consideration of the uncertainty of renewables.In addition,to fully exploit the system’s emission reduction potential,a carbon trading cost model with segmented CO_(2) emission intervals is built by introducing a reward-penalty ladder-type carbon trading mechanism,and the flexible thermal comfort elasticity of customers is taken into account by putting forward a predicted mean vote index on the load side.The CPLEX optimizer resolves the two-stage model,and the study results on a modified IES situated in North China show the proposed model can effectively reduce carbon emissions and guarantee economical efficiency operation of the system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1401244, 21374025, 21372053, 21572041, and 51503050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51673218) for financial support+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0206600)the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices (2016-skllmd-05)the Youth Association for Promoting Innovation (CAS)
文摘A carbon-oxygen-bridged ladder-type donor unit （CO5） was invented and prepared via an ＂intramolecu- lar demethanolization cyclization＂ approach. Its single crystal structure indicates enhanced planarity compared with the carbon-bridged analogue indacenodithiophene （IDT）. Owing to the stronger electron-donating capability of CO5 than IDT, CO5-based donor and acceptor materials show narrower bandgaps. A donor-acceptor （D-A） copolymer donor （PCO5TPD） and an A-D-A nonfullerene acceptor （COSIC） demonstrated higher performance than IDT-based counterparts, PIDTTPD and IDTIC, respec-tively. The better performance of CO5-based materials results from their stronger light-harvesting capability and higher charge-carrier mobilities.
文摘Non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)become an interesting family of organic photovoltaic materials,and have attracted considerable interest for their great potential in manufacturing large-area flexible solar panels by low cost coating methods[1–5].Recently,our group proposed in the first time an A-DA’D-A molecular strategy and synthesized a new class of non-fullerene acceptor Y6 with a record efficiency above 15%with single junction organic solar cells(OSCs)[6].To further improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs,many effective strategies have been successfully explored,such as side-chain engineering and extension of fused core and terminal group engineering[7–12].As well-known,PCE of devices is determined by the open circuit voltage(Voc),short-circuit current density(Jsc)and fill factor(FF)[13].Among them,Voc is associated with low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)of donor and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)of acceptor of the active layer[14–16].Side-chain engineering is an effective strategy for manipulating energy levels and improving photovoltaic performance of devices[17–19].For example,introducing the alkyl/alkoxy chains can effectively tune the HOMO/LUMO energy levels[20–22].Tang et al.have reported a novel non-fullerene acceptor ITC6-IC.ITC6-IC has relatively high LUMO level and high Voc than those of ITIC due to the introduction of weak electrondonating hexyl group on thiophene[23].
基金Project supported by the National Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10234030） and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China （Grant No 03ZR14102）.
文摘This paper investigates the effects of spontaneously induced coherence on absorption properties in a nearly equispaced three-level ladder-type system driven by two coherent fields. It find that the absorption properties of this system with the probe field applied on the lower transition can be significantly modified if this coherence is optimized. In the case of small spontaneous decay rate in the upper excited state, it finds that such coherence does not destroy the electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT）. Nevertheless, the absorption peak on both sides of zero detuning and the linewidth of absorption line become larger and narrower than those in the case corresponding to the effects of spontaneously induced coherence; while in the case of large decay rate, it finds that, instead of EIT with low resonant absorption, a sharp absorption peak at resonance appears. That is, electromagnetically induced absorption in the nearly equispaced ladder-type system can occur due to such coherent effects.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.22179076)the Fund for Zhujiang Young Scholar(grant no.18220203)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(grant no.2022A1515011803)the Department of Education of Guangdong Province(grant nos.2021KCXTD032 and 2019KCXTD007).
文摘We present a new design strategy to synthesize ladder-type thienoacenaphthopyrazine(TAP)-based monomers through two different coupling reactions from starting material 5,6-dibromoacenaphthylene-1,2-dione.By bringing varous electron-deficient groups together(such as five-membered aromatic rings,pyrazine,fluorine,and thiadiazols),this new family of molecules exhibits good stability in ambient conditions and easily tunes the electronic,photophysical and film-forming properties of polymers.The unique molecular shape with its extendedπ-conjugated backbone perpendicular to the polymer chain,offers a remarkable platform for the development of a semiconducting polymer with rare geometry.The planar and enlarged conjugated backbone enables TAP-based copolymers PTAP1 and PTAP2 to exhibit distinguishing solubility properties that are different from small-molecule-based polymers,indicating the advantages of novel ladder-type monomers.Their insolubility in chloroform supports orthogonal solvent processing to fabricate layer-by-layer organic solar cells(LBL-OSCs).Owing to its shorterπ–πstacking distance,higher hole mobility,and more favorable phase separation caused bymultifluorine substitution,polymer PTAP1-based LBL-OSC exhibits the highest efficiency of 17.14%by using Y6-BO as the electron acceptor while the efficiency for the PTAP2-based device is 14.20%.This high efficiency indicates the tremendous potential of these novel building units.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130306,22075287 and 22101285)the Nature Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01515)the Program of Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2021299).
文摘One important subject in the field of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is the exploration of electron-deficient building blocks with optimized physicochemical properties to promote the performance of polymer acceptors. Here, two ladder-type heteroheptacene-containing small-molecule acceptors with branched 2-octyldodecyl or 2-hexyldecyl side-chains are synthesized and polymerized with the thiophene co-monomer to afford polymer acceptors (PW-OD and PW-HD) with strong near-infrared absorption. Experimental results reveal that the alkyl chain length has a large impact on the molecular packing behavior of the resulting polymers, which in turn affects their light-absorbing and charge transport properties, and thus the photovoltaic performance of the final devices. When blended with the polymer donor PM6, PW-HD-based all-PSCs deliver a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.12% compared to the PCE of 6.47% for the PW-OD-based all-PSCs, mainly due to its more ordered inter-chain packing and more favorable blend morphology. This work provides a promising building block for the development of high-performance narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors and highlights the importance of side-chain substitution in optimizing the photovoltaic performance of polymer acceptors.
基金supported by the State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Economic and Technical Research Institute Project(SGSDJY00GPJS2100135).
文摘Driven by the goal of“carbon neutrality”and“emission peak”,effectively controlling system carbon emissions has become significantly important to governments around the world.To this end,a novel two-stage low-carbon economic scheduling framework that considers the coordinated optimization of ladder-type carbon trading and integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed in this paper for the integrated energy system(IES),where the first stage determines the energy consumption plan of users by leveraging the price-based electrical-heat IDR.In contrast,the second stage minimizes the system total cost to optimize the outputs of generations with consideration of the uncertainty of renewables.In addition,to fully exploit the system’s emission reduction potential,a carbon trading cost model with segmented CO_(2) emission intervals is built by introducing a reward-penalty ladder-type carbon trading mechanism,and the flexible thermal comfort elasticity of customers is taken into account by putting forward a predicted mean vote index on the load side.The CPLEX optimizer resolves the two-stage model,and the study results on a modified IES situated in North China show the proposed model can effectively reduce carbon emissions and guarantee economical efficiency operation of the system.
