The Android operating system provides a rich Inter-Component Communication(ICC) method that brings enormous convenience. However, the Android ICC also increases security risks. To address this problem, a formal method...The Android operating system provides a rich Inter-Component Communication(ICC) method that brings enormous convenience. However, the Android ICC also increases security risks. To address this problem, a formal method is proposed to model and detect inter-component communication behavior in Android applications. Firstly,we generate data flow graphs and data facts for each component through component-level data flow analysis.Secondly, our approach treats ICC just like method calls. After analyzing the fields and data dependencies of the intent, we identify the ICC caller and callee, track the data flow between them, and construct the ICC model. Thirdly,the behavior model of Android applications is constructed by a formal mapping method for component data flow graph based on Pi calculus. The runtime sensitive path trigger detection algorithm is then given. Communicationbased attacks are detected by analyzing intent abnormity. Finally, we analyze the modeling and detection efficiency,and compare it with relevant methods. Analysis of 57 real-world applications partly verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of heparin-coated stent (Wiktor-I) on recovering the balance between endothelin- 1(ET- 1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) both in the plasma of coronary sinus and peripheral ...Objective: To study the effects of heparin-coated stent (Wiktor-I) on recovering the balance between endothelin- 1(ET- 1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) both in the plasma of coronary sinus and peripheral vein after stent implantation. Methods: The patients with coronary artery disease (n=30) were divided into non-coated stent (NCS) group (n=16) and heparin-coated stent (HCS) group (n=14). Circulating ET-1 and CGRP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the 2 groups at the paired sampling sites, namely the coronary sinus (Cs) and peripheral vein (Pv). The ratio of ET/CGRP was also calculated to reflect the balance of ET and CORP. Results: In NCS group plasma ET-1 concentrations exhibited 2 peaks at 0 mm and 12 h after stent implantation, CORP levels were highly consistent with that of ET-1, and the ratio of ET/CGRP increased markedly at post-PTCA 5 mm, persisting until post-stent 12 h. While in HCS group ET-1 levels and the ratio of ET/CGRP were decreased dramatically compared with that of NCS group at 5 min,10 mm and 12 h post-stent (P＜0.05, P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, respectively＝. There was no remarkable difference of CGRP levels between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Heparin-coated stent can decrease the post-stent circulating ET-1 levels and recover the balance between ET-1 and CGRP.展开更多
There are multitudes of sustainability rating systems and guidelines,and it is difficult to decide which ones to use and how to use them.In addition,multi-modal projects have different focal areas and associated ratin...There are multitudes of sustainability rating systems and guidelines,and it is difficult to decide which ones to use and how to use them.In addition,multi-modal projects have different focal areas and associated rating systems related to each mode or other aspect of the project.Five green ratings systems representative of aspects of a multi-modal ferry facility had previously been selected and were used in a four step methodology to synthesize into a strategic decision making platform.This current research focuses on how to make more detailed decision making harmonization amongst the credits in the rating systems.Using an analytical hierarchy process(AHP)of the credits in the rating systems,it was determined that the two main groups of information that could be used for harmonization were key intents or goals(KI)and key strategies or practices(KS).A short cursory case study example of how these KIs and KSs might be further cross-coded in an open database with the credit subcategories and corresponding rating systems is also presented.The database can filter the credit subcategories across the rating system for a specific key intent or key strategy.The harmonized lists and database may facilitate decision makers and construction managers in correlating intents and methodologies for a project across multiple rating systems.展开更多
基金supported by the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.F2016203290 and F2017203307)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61772450)+3 种基金the Doctoral Foundation of Yanshan University(Nos.BL18011 and B906)the Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Foundation(No.2018YB019)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M631764)the Hebei Province Science and Technology Planning Project(No.17210701D)
文摘The Android operating system provides a rich Inter-Component Communication(ICC) method that brings enormous convenience. However, the Android ICC also increases security risks. To address this problem, a formal method is proposed to model and detect inter-component communication behavior in Android applications. Firstly,we generate data flow graphs and data facts for each component through component-level data flow analysis.Secondly, our approach treats ICC just like method calls. After analyzing the fields and data dependencies of the intent, we identify the ICC caller and callee, track the data flow between them, and construct the ICC model. Thirdly,the behavior model of Android applications is constructed by a formal mapping method for component data flow graph based on Pi calculus. The runtime sensitive path trigger detection algorithm is then given. Communicationbased attacks are detected by analyzing intent abnormity. Finally, we analyze the modeling and detection efficiency,and compare it with relevant methods. Analysis of 57 real-world applications partly verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of heparin-coated stent (Wiktor-I) on recovering the balance between endothelin- 1(ET- 1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) both in the plasma of coronary sinus and peripheral vein after stent implantation. Methods: The patients with coronary artery disease (n=30) were divided into non-coated stent (NCS) group (n=16) and heparin-coated stent (HCS) group (n=14). Circulating ET-1 and CGRP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the 2 groups at the paired sampling sites, namely the coronary sinus (Cs) and peripheral vein (Pv). The ratio of ET/CGRP was also calculated to reflect the balance of ET and CORP. Results: In NCS group plasma ET-1 concentrations exhibited 2 peaks at 0 mm and 12 h after stent implantation, CORP levels were highly consistent with that of ET-1, and the ratio of ET/CGRP increased markedly at post-PTCA 5 mm, persisting until post-stent 12 h. While in HCS group ET-1 levels and the ratio of ET/CGRP were decreased dramatically compared with that of NCS group at 5 min,10 mm and 12 h post-stent (P＜0.05, P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, respectively＝. There was no remarkable difference of CGRP levels between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Heparin-coated stent can decrease the post-stent circulating ET-1 levels and recover the balance between ET-1 and CGRP.
文摘There are multitudes of sustainability rating systems and guidelines,and it is difficult to decide which ones to use and how to use them.In addition,multi-modal projects have different focal areas and associated rating systems related to each mode or other aspect of the project.Five green ratings systems representative of aspects of a multi-modal ferry facility had previously been selected and were used in a four step methodology to synthesize into a strategic decision making platform.This current research focuses on how to make more detailed decision making harmonization amongst the credits in the rating systems.Using an analytical hierarchy process(AHP)of the credits in the rating systems,it was determined that the two main groups of information that could be used for harmonization were key intents or goals(KI)and key strategies or practices(KS).A short cursory case study example of how these KIs and KSs might be further cross-coded in an open database with the credit subcategories and corresponding rating systems is also presented.The database can filter the credit subcategories across the rating system for a specific key intent or key strategy.The harmonized lists and database may facilitate decision makers and construction managers in correlating intents and methodologies for a project across multiple rating systems.
