The properties of matched streams, the simultaneous operation time, and the distance between integrated processes, are the main factors which determine whether the direct integration is feasible or not. According to w...The properties of matched streams, the simultaneous operation time, and the distance between integrated processes, are the main factors which determine whether the direct integration is feasible or not. According to whether such synthetic integration is economically better than the separate integration of each process, a mathematical formulation is established. The retrofit of reforming and arene processes in a certain petrochemical factory, which are independent each other, is chosen as a case study. By only considering the simultaneous operation time, two retrofit designs are proposed: one is that each of the two processes is separately integrated by itself, and the other is that the two processes are integrated comprehensively. Under different simultaneous operation hours, the energy-saving effects and the economic profits of the two designs are calculated, and furthermore, the critical simultaneous operation time for direct heat integration of the two processes is obtained. When the actual simultaneous operation time of the two processes is longer than the critical value, the direct heat integration of the two processes is better economically, and otherwise the separate heat integration for each process should be considered.展开更多
The paper deals with current issues of the regional spatial organization based on the identification and analysis of key factors and prerequisites for the formation of urban agglomerations as the most important growth...The paper deals with current issues of the regional spatial organization based on the identification and analysis of key factors and prerequisites for the formation of urban agglomerations as the most important growth centers, integrated with global and regional markets in the conditions of a qualitatively new stage in the history of the Great Silk Road. We assess promising directions and negative effects of development of agglomerated formations and zones of their influence in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a region having an advantageous geostrategic position in the Eurasian space. In Kazakhstan, the current process of urbanization has a multiple- vector nature, and the course of formation of urban agglomerations provides convincing evidence of an increase in their share in settlement and in the total population. It is agglomerated forms of urban development that are a kind of indicator of the onset of maturity in settlement, specifying key points of the socio-economic space, namely： cores of regions, nodes of foreign economic relations and contacts, main areas of new territories development, the most important links in the internal infrastructure, etc. It is urban agglomerations that should act as a kind of special platform of integration processes, on the basis of which the Republic of Kazakhstan should revive its historical role in the development of the global project ＂New Silk Road＂ and become a major trade and logistics, finance and business, innovation and technology, and tourism hub of the Central Asia region, a bridge between Europe and Asia.展开更多
In this paper we investigate an integration by parts formula for Lévy processes by using lower bound conditions of the corresponding Lévy measure. As applications, derivative formula and coupling property ar...In this paper we investigate an integration by parts formula for Lévy processes by using lower bound conditions of the corresponding Lévy measure. As applications, derivative formula and coupling property are derived for transition semigroups of linear SDEs driven by Lévy processes.展开更多
Based on the Regional Integrated Environmental Model System(RIEMS 2.0)developed by START TEA-COM RRC and Department of Atmospheric Science of Nanjing University,a dataset of observation and remote sensing over the Hei...Based on the Regional Integrated Environmental Model System(RIEMS 2.0)developed by START TEA-COM RRC and Department of Atmospheric Science of Nanjing University,a dataset of observation and remote sensing over the Heihe River Basin(HRB)was used to recalibrate the model’s parameters,including topography elevation,land cover type,saturated soil water potential,saturated soil hydraulic conductivity,field moisture capacity,wilting point moisture,soil porosity,and parameter b of soil hydraulic conductivity,to build a high-resolution regional climate model for the HRB.Continuous simulation for the period from January 1 to December 31,2000 was conducted using the regional climate model,with NCEP-FNL reanalysis data as the driving fields.The study focused on the ability of the model to simulate precipitation in the HRB.The analysis results showed the following:(1)For precipitation,the model could reproduce well the spatial pattern and seasonal cycle in different regions of the HRB,simulated precipitation was overestimated in the upper reaches of the HRB and underestimated in the lower reaches of the HRB,and seasonal precipitation biases were mostly in the range of 39.9%9.6%of observations,which is mostly consistent with the IPCC report(2001).(2)The model could reproduce reasonably temporal evolution of pentad precipitation in different regions.Correlation coefficients between the simulated and observed pentad precipitation were 0.8123,0.5064,and 0.7033 in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the HRB,respectively.They reached a significance level of 1%.(3)Dynamical downscaling of a high-resolution regional climate model was used to overcome the deficiency of long-term,high-temporal/spatial-resolution meteorological dataset in the HRB,and to drive directly the integrated model that coupled ecological-hydrological and socioeconomic processes in the HRB.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20176045)Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No. G20000263)
文摘The properties of matched streams, the simultaneous operation time, and the distance between integrated processes, are the main factors which determine whether the direct integration is feasible or not. According to whether such synthetic integration is economically better than the separate integration of each process, a mathematical formulation is established. The retrofit of reforming and arene processes in a certain petrochemical factory, which are independent each other, is chosen as a case study. By only considering the simultaneous operation time, two retrofit designs are proposed: one is that each of the two processes is separately integrated by itself, and the other is that the two processes are integrated comprehensively. Under different simultaneous operation hours, the energy-saving effects and the economic profits of the two designs are calculated, and furthermore, the critical simultaneous operation time for direct heat integration of the two processes is obtained. When the actual simultaneous operation time of the two processes is longer than the critical value, the direct heat integration of the two processes is better economically, and otherwise the separate heat integration for each process should be considered.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(4127155641101117)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China and Russian Foundation for Basic Research(414110106515-56-53037)
文摘The paper deals with current issues of the regional spatial organization based on the identification and analysis of key factors and prerequisites for the formation of urban agglomerations as the most important growth centers, integrated with global and regional markets in the conditions of a qualitatively new stage in the history of the Great Silk Road. We assess promising directions and negative effects of development of agglomerated formations and zones of their influence in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a region having an advantageous geostrategic position in the Eurasian space. In Kazakhstan, the current process of urbanization has a multiple- vector nature, and the course of formation of urban agglomerations provides convincing evidence of an increase in their share in settlement and in the total population. It is agglomerated forms of urban development that are a kind of indicator of the onset of maturity in settlement, specifying key points of the socio-economic space, namely： cores of regions, nodes of foreign economic relations and contacts, main areas of new territories development, the most important links in the internal infrastructure, etc. It is urban agglomerations that should act as a kind of special platform of integration processes, on the basis of which the Republic of Kazakhstan should revive its historical role in the development of the global project ＂New Silk Road＂ and become a major trade and logistics, finance and business, innovation and technology, and tourism hub of the Central Asia region, a bridge between Europe and Asia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10971180),(11271169)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘In this paper we investigate an integration by parts formula for Lévy processes by using lower bound conditions of the corresponding Lévy measure. As applications, derivative formula and coupling property are derived for transition semigroups of linear SDEs driven by Lévy processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91025003)the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB421100 and 2009CB421100)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA05090206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on the Regional Integrated Environmental Model System(RIEMS 2.0)developed by START TEA-COM RRC and Department of Atmospheric Science of Nanjing University,a dataset of observation and remote sensing over the Heihe River Basin(HRB)was used to recalibrate the model’s parameters,including topography elevation,land cover type,saturated soil water potential,saturated soil hydraulic conductivity,field moisture capacity,wilting point moisture,soil porosity,and parameter b of soil hydraulic conductivity,to build a high-resolution regional climate model for the HRB.Continuous simulation for the period from January 1 to December 31,2000 was conducted using the regional climate model,with NCEP-FNL reanalysis data as the driving fields.The study focused on the ability of the model to simulate precipitation in the HRB.The analysis results showed the following:(1)For precipitation,the model could reproduce well the spatial pattern and seasonal cycle in different regions of the HRB,simulated precipitation was overestimated in the upper reaches of the HRB and underestimated in the lower reaches of the HRB,and seasonal precipitation biases were mostly in the range of 39.9%9.6%of observations,which is mostly consistent with the IPCC report(2001).(2)The model could reproduce reasonably temporal evolution of pentad precipitation in different regions.Correlation coefficients between the simulated and observed pentad precipitation were 0.8123,0.5064,and 0.7033 in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the HRB,respectively.They reached a significance level of 1%.(3)Dynamical downscaling of a high-resolution regional climate model was used to overcome the deficiency of long-term,high-temporal/spatial-resolution meteorological dataset in the HRB,and to drive directly the integrated model that coupled ecological-hydrological and socioeconomic processes in the HRB.
