在电脑及网络等高科技催生下涌现出来的"Massive Open Online Courses",使得数万学员能够汇聚一"堂",而且能够在学习过程中充分发挥主动性和独立性,给超越传统班级授课制固有的不足提供了充足的想像空间,堪称未来...在电脑及网络等高科技催生下涌现出来的"Massive Open Online Courses",使得数万学员能够汇聚一"堂",而且能够在学习过程中充分发挥主动性和独立性,给超越传统班级授课制固有的不足提供了充足的想像空间,堪称未来高等教育的发展方向。"MOOC"旋风自西而东,已经吸引全球众多一流高校积极参与开放,俨然成为一个绕不开的话题;中国学界尤其是译界的当务之急应是提供一个恰当的译名,以促进其本土化。从"MOOC"以及翻译本质的角度加以审视,将"MOOC"译为"模课",既切合"MOOC"的本质特征,又符合术语翻译的基本标准,还暗合了缩略词翻译的一般规律。鉴于"SARS"译名的惨痛教训,吾辈学人理当积极"鼓吹"并及时引导译名"模课"的规范使用。展开更多
本文讨论了 Williams,M.和 R. L . Burden的具有认知主义和社会建构主义性质的学习动机理论 ,分析了学习动机的构成要素和影响学习动机的诸多因素 ;讨论了 Dornyei的外语学习动机模式——外语学习动机与目的语层面、与学习者个体层面、...本文讨论了 Williams,M.和 R. L . Burden的具有认知主义和社会建构主义性质的学习动机理论 ,分析了学习动机的构成要素和影响学习动机的诸多因素 ;讨论了 Dornyei的外语学习动机模式——外语学习动机与目的语层面、与学习者个体层面、与学习环境层面等方面的因素紧密相关。在讨论了这些理论的基础上 。展开更多
Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,part...Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,particularly for the waterlogging.In this study,both the urban issues emerged at the stage of rapid urbanization in China and the demands as well as problems of Sponge City construction related with the water issues were investigated,and the opportunities and challenges for the Sponge City construction in the future were also proposed.It was found that the current stormwater management focused on the construction of gray infrastructures(e.g.,drainage network and water tank) based on the fast discharge idea,which was costly and hard to catch up with the rapid expansion of city and its impervious surface,while green infrastructures(e.g.,river,lake and wetland)were ignored.Moreover,the current construction of Sponge City was still limited to low impacted development(LID) approach which was concentrated on source control measures without consideration of the critical functions of surrounding landscapes(i.e.,mountain,river,wetland,forest,farmland and lake),while application of the integrated urban water system approach and its supported technologies including municipal engineering,urban hydrology,environmental science,social science and ecoscape were relatively weak and needed to be improved.Besides,the lack of special Sponge City plan and demonstration area was also a considerable problem.In this paper,some perspectives on Good Sponge City Construction were proposed such as the point that idea of urban plan and construction should conform to the integral and systematic view of sustainable urban development.Therefore,both the basic theoretical research and the basic infrastructure construction such as monitoring system,drainage facility and demonstration area should be strengthened,meanwhile,the reformation and innovation in the urban water management system and the education system should also be urgently pe展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） aims to improve cross-border infrastructure to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created ...The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） aims to improve cross-border infrastructure to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created among Belt and Road （B＆R） countries as a consequence of the reduction in transportation costs （both railway and maritime） and find that European Union countries, especially landlocked countries, will benefit considerably. This is also true for Eastern Europe and Central Asia and, to a lesser extent, South-East Asia. In contrast, if China were to seek to establish a free trade area within the B＆R region, EU member states would benefit less, while Asia would benefit more. Xi Jinping＇s current vision for the B＆R, centered on improving transport infrastructure, is advantageous for Europe as far as trade creation is concerned.展开更多
The initial collision between Indian and Asian continents marked the starting point for transformation of land-sea thermal contrast,uplift of the Tibet-Himalaya orogen,and climate change in Asia.In this paper,we revie...The initial collision between Indian and Asian continents marked the starting point for transformation of land-sea thermal contrast,uplift of the Tibet-Himalaya orogen,and climate change in Asia.In this paper,we review the published literatures from the past 30 years in order to draw consensus on the processes of initial collision and suturing that took place between the Indian and Asian plates.Following a comparison of the different methods that have been used to constrain the initial timing of collision,we propose that the tectono-sedimentary response in the peripheral foreland basin provides the most sensitive index of this event,and that paleomagnetism presents independent evidence as an alternative,reliable,and quantitative research method.In contrast to previous studies that have suggested collision between India and Asia started in Pakistan between ca.55 Ma and50 Ma and progressively closed eastwards,more recent researches have indicated that this major event first occurred in the center of the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone(YTSZ) between ca.65 Ma and 63 Ma and then spreading both eastwards and westwards.While continental collision is a complicated process,including the processes of deformation,sedimentation,metamorphism,and magmatism,different researchers have tended to define the nature of this event based on their own understanding,an intuitive bias that has meant that its initial timing has remained controversial for decades.Here,we recommend the use of reconstructions of each geological event within the orogenic evolution sequence as this will allow interpretation of collision timing on the basis of multidisciplinary methods.展开更多
文摘在电脑及网络等高科技催生下涌现出来的"Massive Open Online Courses",使得数万学员能够汇聚一"堂",而且能够在学习过程中充分发挥主动性和独立性,给超越传统班级授课制固有的不足提供了充足的想像空间,堪称未来高等教育的发展方向。"MOOC"旋风自西而东,已经吸引全球众多一流高校积极参与开放,俨然成为一个绕不开的话题;中国学界尤其是译界的当务之急应是提供一个恰当的译名,以促进其本土化。从"MOOC"以及翻译本质的角度加以审视,将"MOOC"译为"模课",既切合"MOOC"的本质特征,又符合术语翻译的基本标准,还暗合了缩略词翻译的一般规律。鉴于"SARS"译名的惨痛教训,吾辈学人理当积极"鼓吹"并及时引导译名"模课"的规范使用。
文摘本文讨论了 Williams,M.和 R. L . Burden的具有认知主义和社会建构主义性质的学习动机理论 ,分析了学习动机的构成要素和影响学习动机的诸多因素 ;讨论了 Dornyei的外语学习动机模式——外语学习动机与目的语层面、与学习者个体层面、与学习环境层面等方面的因素紧密相关。在讨论了这些理论的基础上 。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41571028)Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KFZD-SW-301)
文摘Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,particularly for the waterlogging.In this study,both the urban issues emerged at the stage of rapid urbanization in China and the demands as well as problems of Sponge City construction related with the water issues were investigated,and the opportunities and challenges for the Sponge City construction in the future were also proposed.It was found that the current stormwater management focused on the construction of gray infrastructures(e.g.,drainage network and water tank) based on the fast discharge idea,which was costly and hard to catch up with the rapid expansion of city and its impervious surface,while green infrastructures(e.g.,river,lake and wetland)were ignored.Moreover,the current construction of Sponge City was still limited to low impacted development(LID) approach which was concentrated on source control measures without consideration of the critical functions of surrounding landscapes(i.e.,mountain,river,wetland,forest,farmland and lake),while application of the integrated urban water system approach and its supported technologies including municipal engineering,urban hydrology,environmental science,social science and ecoscape were relatively weak and needed to be improved.Besides,the lack of special Sponge City plan and demonstration area was also a considerable problem.In this paper,some perspectives on Good Sponge City Construction were proposed such as the point that idea of urban plan and construction should conform to the integral and systematic view of sustainable urban development.Therefore,both the basic theoretical research and the basic infrastructure construction such as monitoring system,drainage facility and demonstration area should be strengthened,meanwhile,the reformation and innovation in the urban water management system and the education system should also be urgently pe
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） aims to improve cross-border infrastructure to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created among Belt and Road （B＆R） countries as a consequence of the reduction in transportation costs （both railway and maritime） and find that European Union countries, especially landlocked countries, will benefit considerably. This is also true for Eastern Europe and Central Asia and, to a lesser extent, South-East Asia. In contrast, if China were to seek to establish a free trade area within the B＆R region, EU member states would benefit less, while Asia would benefit more. Xi Jinping＇s current vision for the B＆R, centered on improving transport infrastructure, is advantageous for Europe as far as trade creation is concerned.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB03010401)the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2016YFC0600303)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41490615)
文摘The initial collision between Indian and Asian continents marked the starting point for transformation of land-sea thermal contrast,uplift of the Tibet-Himalaya orogen,and climate change in Asia.In this paper,we review the published literatures from the past 30 years in order to draw consensus on the processes of initial collision and suturing that took place between the Indian and Asian plates.Following a comparison of the different methods that have been used to constrain the initial timing of collision,we propose that the tectono-sedimentary response in the peripheral foreland basin provides the most sensitive index of this event,and that paleomagnetism presents independent evidence as an alternative,reliable,and quantitative research method.In contrast to previous studies that have suggested collision between India and Asia started in Pakistan between ca.55 Ma and50 Ma and progressively closed eastwards,more recent researches have indicated that this major event first occurred in the center of the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone(YTSZ) between ca.65 Ma and 63 Ma and then spreading both eastwards and westwards.While continental collision is a complicated process,including the processes of deformation,sedimentation,metamorphism,and magmatism,different researchers have tended to define the nature of this event based on their own understanding,an intuitive bias that has meant that its initial timing has remained controversial for decades.Here,we recommend the use of reconstructions of each geological event within the orogenic evolution sequence as this will allow interpretation of collision timing on the basis of multidisciplinary methods.
