Observations of living organisms by citizen scientists that are reported to online portals are a valuable source of information.They are also a special kind of volunteered geographic information(VGI).VGI data have iss...Observations of living organisms by citizen scientists that are reported to online portals are a valuable source of information.They are also a special kind of volunteered geographic information(VGI).VGI data have issues of completeness,which arise from biases caused by the opportunistic nature of the data collection process.We examined the completeness of bird species represented in citizen science observation data from eBird and iNaturalist in US National Parks(NPs).We used approaches for completeness estimation which were developed for data from OpenStreetMap,a crowdsourced map of the world.First,we used an extrinsic approach,comparing species lists from citizen science data with National Park Service lists.Second,we examined two intrinsic approaches using total observation numbers in NPs and the development of the number of new species being added to the data-set over time.Results from the extrinsic approach provided appropriate completeness estimations to evaluate the intrinsic approaches.We found that total observation numbers are a good estimator of species completeness of citizen science data from US NPs.There is also a close relationship between species completeness and the ratio of new species added to observation data vs.observation numbers in a given year.展开更多
As database system becomes more mature,people are paying more attention to the quality of information resources.It is of great urgency to improve user satisfaction of the quality with information resources so as to be...As database system becomes more mature,people are paying more attention to the quality of information resources.It is of great urgency to improve user satisfaction of the quality with information resources so as to better meet their demands.This paper studies the authoritativeness,completeness,and timeliness of the content of information resources,constructs conceptual model of user satisfaction with the quality of information resources based on the customer satisfaction theory,and then verifies and revises the model by survey.The results show that the 'literature quantity', 'full text rate' and 'content authority' of information resources in database are the key indices influencing users’ quality satisfaction;users tend to measure quality satisfaction from the perspective of value,so that perceived value has greatest influence on quality satisfaction,while perceived quality has little influence on quality satisfaction.展开更多
自承诺消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)以来,中国于2000年证实消灭本土脊灰野病毒,进入维持无脊灰状态,急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测信息报告管理系统(Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System,AFPSIRMS)的...自承诺消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)以来,中国于2000年证实消灭本土脊灰野病毒,进入维持无脊灰状态,急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测信息报告管理系统(Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System,AFPSIRMS)的建立和应用在消灭脊灰的整个过程中发挥了重要作用。20余年来AFPSIRMS的报告方式从纸质、邮件、服务器客户端发展到网络直报;病例的诊断依据从早期以临床为主逐步转为结合病毒学分类标准进行诊断和分类。本文总结了中国AFPSIRMS各阶段特点及其在脊灰监测工作中存在的问题,并提出相关建议。展开更多
文摘Observations of living organisms by citizen scientists that are reported to online portals are a valuable source of information.They are also a special kind of volunteered geographic information(VGI).VGI data have issues of completeness,which arise from biases caused by the opportunistic nature of the data collection process.We examined the completeness of bird species represented in citizen science observation data from eBird and iNaturalist in US National Parks(NPs).We used approaches for completeness estimation which were developed for data from OpenStreetMap,a crowdsourced map of the world.First,we used an extrinsic approach,comparing species lists from citizen science data with National Park Service lists.Second,we examined two intrinsic approaches using total observation numbers in NPs and the development of the number of new species being added to the data-set over time.Results from the extrinsic approach provided appropriate completeness estimations to evaluate the intrinsic approaches.We found that total observation numbers are a good estimator of species completeness of citizen science data from US NPs.There is also a close relationship between species completeness and the ratio of new species added to observation data vs.observation numbers in a given year.
文摘As database system becomes more mature,people are paying more attention to the quality of information resources.It is of great urgency to improve user satisfaction of the quality with information resources so as to better meet their demands.This paper studies the authoritativeness,completeness,and timeliness of the content of information resources,constructs conceptual model of user satisfaction with the quality of information resources based on the customer satisfaction theory,and then verifies and revises the model by survey.The results show that the 'literature quantity', 'full text rate' and 'content authority' of information resources in database are the key indices influencing users’ quality satisfaction;users tend to measure quality satisfaction from the perspective of value,so that perceived value has greatest influence on quality satisfaction,while perceived quality has little influence on quality satisfaction.
文摘自承诺消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)以来,中国于2000年证实消灭本土脊灰野病毒,进入维持无脊灰状态,急性弛缓性麻痹病例监测信息报告管理系统(Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System,AFPSIRMS)的建立和应用在消灭脊灰的整个过程中发挥了重要作用。20余年来AFPSIRMS的报告方式从纸质、邮件、服务器客户端发展到网络直报;病例的诊断依据从早期以临床为主逐步转为结合病毒学分类标准进行诊断和分类。本文总结了中国AFPSIRMS各阶段特点及其在脊灰监测工作中存在的问题,并提出相关建议。
