The UNHCR 2017 report stated that about 44,400 people are displaced from their homes daily and about 68.5 million people are currently displaced globally. This article aims at critically analyzing the tuberculosis ris...The UNHCR 2017 report stated that about 44,400 people are displaced from their homes daily and about 68.5 million people are currently displaced globally. This article aims at critically analyzing the tuberculosis risks among displaced people especially as there is an increase in the number of migrants globally and proliferation of man-made and natural disasters. Research conducted among displaced persons and most of the studies concluded that active surveillance and proper case follow-up are the best ways to ensure adequate tuberculosis case management. In conclusion, the application of diverse methods in tackling tuberculosis risks should be especially through a culturally, acceptable precise and feasible plans without compromising international standards.展开更多
Background: Despite increased deliverance of antiretroviral therapy (ART), morbidity and mortality from TB are still predominant among HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ethiopia. Thus, current study aimed to determine mag...Background: Despite increased deliverance of antiretroviral therapy (ART), morbidity and mortality from TB are still predominant among HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ethiopia. Thus, current study aimed to determine magnitude and predictors of tuberculosis among cohort of HIV infected patients at Arba Minch General Hospital, Ethiopia, 2015. Methods: Hospital based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among study population which was HIV/AIDS infected individuals registered from September 2007 to 2013. The data were collected using structured data abstraction form and four ART trained nurses were used to abstract the data. The data were checked for completeness, cleaned and entered into Epi Info 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version (IBM-21). Results were summarized by using table of frequency, graph, and measure of central tendency. Statistical significance was inferred at P-value ≤ 0.05. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine predictors. Result: Four hundred ninety six patient’s charts were abstracted. Cumulative and incidence density of tuberculosis were 21.4% (95% CI: 21.3, 21.44) and 5.36 per 100 person year respectively. Cigarette smokers (AOR: 2.82, 95% CI (1.27 - 6.27)), household with family size of 3 - 4 (AOR: 2.26, 95% CI (1.14 - 4.50)), baseline WHO clinical stage III (AOR: 20.26, 95% CI (7.09 - 57.6)) and IV (AOR: 22.9, 95% CI (6.91 - 76.4)) and heamoglobin level of <10 (AOR: 2.56, 95% CI (1.22 - 5.33)) were important predictors (risk factors) of tuberculosis among HIV infected patients. Conclusion and recommendation: Relatively high incident tuberculosis cases were established among HIV infected patients and history of cigarette smoking;family size;hemoglobin level and base line WHO clinical stage were responsible for this incidence. Therefore;early initiation of HAARTas per current guideline should get stressed, and the finding that smoking was important predictors for TB in Ethiopia had obvious TB control implication which required high attention foc展开更多
Objective: To determine the incidence of tuberculosis in person living with HIV infected by latent TB and under antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Method: We studied prospectively for 36 months the occurrence of bacillifor...Objective: To determine the incidence of tuberculosis in person living with HIV infected by latent TB and under antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Method: We studied prospectively for 36 months the occurrence of bacilliform pulmonary tuberculosis in patients infected with HIV, naive of BCG and receiving antiretroviral treatment. Each patient had an intradermal reaction (IDR) of 10 IU tuberculin Mérieux. The measurement of the nodule is made 72 hours later. During follow-up, patients were reviewed every six months for active tuberculosis. Results: A total of 212 out of 257 patients had an IDR greater than 5 mm, an ITL prevalence of 86.33%. Three patients were lost to follow-up during the study. The predominant female sex is 69.81%. The mean age was 42.8 ± 10.02 years. A previous history of tuberculosis was found in 14.15% of patients and 208 patients (98.11%) had HIV1. In 39.15% of patients, patients had a CD4 count lower than 350 cells/mm3 at baseline in the study. At the end of the three-year follow-up, among the 14 patients, 11 had failed ARV therapy and had developed TB, with an incidence of 2.20 cases per 100 patients. Conclusion: The incidence of active tuberculosis in LTBI was very high in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 count, hence the importance of reliable LTBI screening such as gamma interferon is better than patient follow-up.展开更多
目的了解上海市结核病密切接触者中结核潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)者的结核病发病风险及其时间特征。方法采用前瞻性观察性研究方法,以2009至2010年上海市7个区户籍人口中确诊肺结核患者的密切接触者为研究对象,采...目的了解上海市结核病密切接触者中结核潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)者的结核病发病风险及其时间特征。方法采用前瞻性观察性研究方法,以2009至2010年上海市7个区户籍人口中确诊肺结核患者的密切接触者为研究对象,采用结核感染T淋巴细胞斑点试验(T-cell spot test of tuberculosis infection,T-SPOT.TB)判断结核分枝杆菌感染情况以识别LTBI,同时采用问卷调查的方法收集研究对象的基本信息和结核病密切接触史。通过结核病登记报告系统识别LTBI者在检测后连续9年内的发病情况,计算其结核病发病率和发病密度。采用χ^(2)检验对不同性别和年龄分组的发病率进行分层分析。结果2009年至2010年,共纳入376例确诊肺结核患者的982名密切接触者,其中287名密切接触者经T-SPOT.TB检测为LTBI。接受基线调查时感染者中位年龄为54岁,36.6%(105/287)的LTBI者为男性。截至2019年12月287名LTBI者中共发现5例新发结核病患者,2年累积发病率为0.35%,5年累积发病率为1.05%,9年累积发病率为1.74%(95%可信区间0.57%~4.02%),中位发病时间为3.67年;研究期间共观察了2666.75人年,结核病发病密度为1.875/1000人年。不同年龄(χ^(2)=0.600,P>0.05)和性别(χ^(2)<0.001,P>0.05)的LTBI者的结核病9年累积发病率差异均无统计意义。结论结核病患者密切接触者中的LTBI者的结核病发病集中在接触后前5年左右。展开更多
文摘The UNHCR 2017 report stated that about 44,400 people are displaced from their homes daily and about 68.5 million people are currently displaced globally. This article aims at critically analyzing the tuberculosis risks among displaced people especially as there is an increase in the number of migrants globally and proliferation of man-made and natural disasters. Research conducted among displaced persons and most of the studies concluded that active surveillance and proper case follow-up are the best ways to ensure adequate tuberculosis case management. In conclusion, the application of diverse methods in tackling tuberculosis risks should be especially through a culturally, acceptable precise and feasible plans without compromising international standards.
文摘Background: Despite increased deliverance of antiretroviral therapy (ART), morbidity and mortality from TB are still predominant among HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ethiopia. Thus, current study aimed to determine magnitude and predictors of tuberculosis among cohort of HIV infected patients at Arba Minch General Hospital, Ethiopia, 2015. Methods: Hospital based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among study population which was HIV/AIDS infected individuals registered from September 2007 to 2013. The data were collected using structured data abstraction form and four ART trained nurses were used to abstract the data. The data were checked for completeness, cleaned and entered into Epi Info 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version (IBM-21). Results were summarized by using table of frequency, graph, and measure of central tendency. Statistical significance was inferred at P-value ≤ 0.05. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine predictors. Result: Four hundred ninety six patient’s charts were abstracted. Cumulative and incidence density of tuberculosis were 21.4% (95% CI: 21.3, 21.44) and 5.36 per 100 person year respectively. Cigarette smokers (AOR: 2.82, 95% CI (1.27 - 6.27)), household with family size of 3 - 4 (AOR: 2.26, 95% CI (1.14 - 4.50)), baseline WHO clinical stage III (AOR: 20.26, 95% CI (7.09 - 57.6)) and IV (AOR: 22.9, 95% CI (6.91 - 76.4)) and heamoglobin level of <10 (AOR: 2.56, 95% CI (1.22 - 5.33)) were important predictors (risk factors) of tuberculosis among HIV infected patients. Conclusion and recommendation: Relatively high incident tuberculosis cases were established among HIV infected patients and history of cigarette smoking;family size;hemoglobin level and base line WHO clinical stage were responsible for this incidence. Therefore;early initiation of HAARTas per current guideline should get stressed, and the finding that smoking was important predictors for TB in Ethiopia had obvious TB control implication which required high attention foc
文摘Objective: To determine the incidence of tuberculosis in person living with HIV infected by latent TB and under antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Method: We studied prospectively for 36 months the occurrence of bacilliform pulmonary tuberculosis in patients infected with HIV, naive of BCG and receiving antiretroviral treatment. Each patient had an intradermal reaction (IDR) of 10 IU tuberculin Mérieux. The measurement of the nodule is made 72 hours later. During follow-up, patients were reviewed every six months for active tuberculosis. Results: A total of 212 out of 257 patients had an IDR greater than 5 mm, an ITL prevalence of 86.33%. Three patients were lost to follow-up during the study. The predominant female sex is 69.81%. The mean age was 42.8 ± 10.02 years. A previous history of tuberculosis was found in 14.15% of patients and 208 patients (98.11%) had HIV1. In 39.15% of patients, patients had a CD4 count lower than 350 cells/mm3 at baseline in the study. At the end of the three-year follow-up, among the 14 patients, 11 had failed ARV therapy and had developed TB, with an incidence of 2.20 cases per 100 patients. Conclusion: The incidence of active tuberculosis in LTBI was very high in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 count, hence the importance of reliable LTBI screening such as gamma interferon is better than patient follow-up.
文摘目的了解上海市结核病密切接触者中结核潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infection,LTBI)者的结核病发病风险及其时间特征。方法采用前瞻性观察性研究方法,以2009至2010年上海市7个区户籍人口中确诊肺结核患者的密切接触者为研究对象,采用结核感染T淋巴细胞斑点试验(T-cell spot test of tuberculosis infection,T-SPOT.TB)判断结核分枝杆菌感染情况以识别LTBI,同时采用问卷调查的方法收集研究对象的基本信息和结核病密切接触史。通过结核病登记报告系统识别LTBI者在检测后连续9年内的发病情况,计算其结核病发病率和发病密度。采用χ^(2)检验对不同性别和年龄分组的发病率进行分层分析。结果2009年至2010年,共纳入376例确诊肺结核患者的982名密切接触者,其中287名密切接触者经T-SPOT.TB检测为LTBI。接受基线调查时感染者中位年龄为54岁,36.6%(105/287)的LTBI者为男性。截至2019年12月287名LTBI者中共发现5例新发结核病患者,2年累积发病率为0.35%,5年累积发病率为1.05%,9年累积发病率为1.74%(95%可信区间0.57%~4.02%),中位发病时间为3.67年;研究期间共观察了2666.75人年,结核病发病密度为1.875/1000人年。不同年龄(χ^(2)=0.600,P>0.05)和性别(χ^(2)<0.001,P>0.05)的LTBI者的结核病9年累积发病率差异均无统计意义。结论结核病患者密切接触者中的LTBI者的结核病发病集中在接触后前5年左右。
