Cancer greatly affects the quality of life of humans worldwide and the number of patients suffering from it is continuously increasing.Over the last century,numerous treatments have been developed to improve the survi...Cancer greatly affects the quality of life of humans worldwide and the number of patients suffering from it is continuously increasing.Over the last century,numerous treatments have been developed to improve the survival of cancer patients but substantial progress still needs to be made before cancer can be truly cured.In recent years,antitumor immunity has become the most debated topic in cancer research and the booming development of immunotherapy has led to a new epoch in cancer therapy.In this review,we describe the relationships between tumors and the immune system,and the rise of immunotherapy.Then,we summarize the characteristics of tumor-associated immunity and immunotherapeutic strategies with various molecular mechanisms by showing the typical immune molecules whose antibodies are broadly used in the clinic and those that are still under investigation.We also discuss important elements from individual cells to the whole human body,including cellular mutations and modulation,metabolic reprogramming,the microbiome,and the immune contexture.In addition,we also present new observations and technical advancements of both diagnostic and therapeutic methods aimed at cancer immunotherapy.Lastly,we discuss the controversies and challenges that negatively impact patient outcomes.展开更多
This paper presents a new adaptive mutation approach for fastening the convergence of immune algorithms (IAs). This method is adopted to realize the twin goals of maintaining diversity in the population and sustaining...This paper presents a new adaptive mutation approach for fastening the convergence of immune algorithms (IAs). This method is adopted to realize the twin goals of maintaining diversity in the population and sustaining the convergence capacity of the IA. In this method, the mutation rate (pm) is adaptively varied depending on the fitness values of the solutions. Solutions of high fitness are protected, while solutions with sub-average fitness are totally disrupted. A solution to the problem of deciding the optimal value of pm is obtained. Experiments are carried out to compare the proposed approach to traditional one on a set of optimization problems. These are namely: 1) an exponential multi-variable function;2) a rapidly varying multimodal function and 3) design of a second order 2-D narrow band recursive LPF. Simulation results show that the proposed method efficiently improves IA’s performance and prevents it from getting stuck at a local optimum.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most prevalent and fatal digestive tumors.Treatment for this disease has been constraint by heterogeneity of this group of tumors,which has greatly limited the progress in pe...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most prevalent and fatal digestive tumors.Treatment for this disease has been constraint by heterogeneity of this group of tumors,which has greatly limited the progress in personalized therapy.Although existing studies have revealed the genetic and epigenetic blueprints that drive HCCs,many of the molecular mechanisms that lead to HCCs remain elusive.Recent advances in techniques for studying functional genomics,such as genome sequencing and transcriptomic analyses,have led to the discovery of molecular mechanisms that participate in the initiation and evolution of HCC.Integrative multi-omics analyses have identified several molecular subtypes of HCC associated with specific molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes.Deciphering similar molecular features among highly heterogeneous HCC patients is a prerequisite to implementation of personalized therapeutics.This review summarizes the current research progresses in precision therapy on the backbone of molecular subtypes of HCC.展开更多
Aerosol-transmitted viruses possess strong infectivity and can spread over long distances,earning the difficult-to-control title.They cause various human diseases and pose serious threats to human health.Mutations can...Aerosol-transmitted viruses possess strong infectivity and can spread over long distances,earning the difficult-to-control title.They cause various human diseases and pose serious threats to human health.Mutations can increase the transmissibility and virulence of the strains,reducing the protection provided by vaccines and weakening the efficacy of antiviral drugs.In this study,we established a manually curated database(termed AVM)to store information on aerosol-transmitted viral mutations(VMs).The current version of the AVM contains 42,041 VMs(including 2613 immune escape mutations),45 clinical information datasets,and 407 drugs/antibodies/vaccines.Additionally,we recorded 88 human diseases associated with viruses and found that the same virus can target multiple organs in the body,leading to diverse diseases.Furthermore,the AVM database offers a straightforward user interface for browsing,retrieving,and downloading information.This database is a comprehensive resource that can provide timely and valuable information on the transmission,treatment,and diseases caused by aerosol-transmitted viruses(http://www.bio-bigdata.center/AVM).展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81930065。
文摘Cancer greatly affects the quality of life of humans worldwide and the number of patients suffering from it is continuously increasing.Over the last century,numerous treatments have been developed to improve the survival of cancer patients but substantial progress still needs to be made before cancer can be truly cured.In recent years,antitumor immunity has become the most debated topic in cancer research and the booming development of immunotherapy has led to a new epoch in cancer therapy.In this review,we describe the relationships between tumors and the immune system,and the rise of immunotherapy.Then,we summarize the characteristics of tumor-associated immunity and immunotherapeutic strategies with various molecular mechanisms by showing the typical immune molecules whose antibodies are broadly used in the clinic and those that are still under investigation.We also discuss important elements from individual cells to the whole human body,including cellular mutations and modulation,metabolic reprogramming,the microbiome,and the immune contexture.In addition,we also present new observations and technical advancements of both diagnostic and therapeutic methods aimed at cancer immunotherapy.Lastly,we discuss the controversies and challenges that negatively impact patient outcomes.
文摘This paper presents a new adaptive mutation approach for fastening the convergence of immune algorithms (IAs). This method is adopted to realize the twin goals of maintaining diversity in the population and sustaining the convergence capacity of the IA. In this method, the mutation rate (pm) is adaptively varied depending on the fitness values of the solutions. Solutions of high fitness are protected, while solutions with sub-average fitness are totally disrupted. A solution to the problem of deciding the optimal value of pm is obtained. Experiments are carried out to compare the proposed approach to traditional one on a set of optimization problems. These are namely: 1) an exponential multi-variable function;2) a rapidly varying multimodal function and 3) design of a second order 2-D narrow band recursive LPF. Simulation results show that the proposed method efficiently improves IA’s performance and prevents it from getting stuck at a local optimum.
基金This work was supported in part by the grant from the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2017ZX10203205)the Science Foundation of Zhejiang province(LQ18H160006).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most prevalent and fatal digestive tumors.Treatment for this disease has been constraint by heterogeneity of this group of tumors,which has greatly limited the progress in personalized therapy.Although existing studies have revealed the genetic and epigenetic blueprints that drive HCCs,many of the molecular mechanisms that lead to HCCs remain elusive.Recent advances in techniques for studying functional genomics,such as genome sequencing and transcriptomic analyses,have led to the discovery of molecular mechanisms that participate in the initiation and evolution of HCC.Integrative multi-omics analyses have identified several molecular subtypes of HCC associated with specific molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes.Deciphering similar molecular features among highly heterogeneous HCC patients is a prerequisite to implementation of personalized therapeutics.This review summarizes the current research progresses in precision therapy on the backbone of molecular subtypes of HCC.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62172131,32070673,and 32070672)the China Brain Project(Grant No.2021ZD0202403)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Programthe Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant Nos.YQ2021C026 and YQ2022C034),China.
文摘Aerosol-transmitted viruses possess strong infectivity and can spread over long distances,earning the difficult-to-control title.They cause various human diseases and pose serious threats to human health.Mutations can increase the transmissibility and virulence of the strains,reducing the protection provided by vaccines and weakening the efficacy of antiviral drugs.In this study,we established a manually curated database(termed AVM)to store information on aerosol-transmitted viral mutations(VMs).The current version of the AVM contains 42,041 VMs(including 2613 immune escape mutations),45 clinical information datasets,and 407 drugs/antibodies/vaccines.Additionally,we recorded 88 human diseases associated with viruses and found that the same virus can target multiple organs in the body,leading to diverse diseases.Furthermore,the AVM database offers a straightforward user interface for browsing,retrieving,and downloading information.This database is a comprehensive resource that can provide timely and valuable information on the transmission,treatment,and diseases caused by aerosol-transmitted viruses(http://www.bio-bigdata.center/AVM).
