针对火灾中小目标、多目标、边缘模糊等导致的检测精度下降问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv3(You only look once, v3)改进的火焰目标检测算法。首先,通过改进的特征金字塔网络对局部信息进行二次利用。然后,设计大尺度全卷积模块以获取不同...针对火灾中小目标、多目标、边缘模糊等导致的检测精度下降问题,提出了一种基于YOLOv3(You only look once, v3)改进的火焰目标检测算法。首先,通过改进的特征金字塔网络对局部信息进行二次利用。然后,设计大尺度全卷积模块以获取不同尺度的全局空间信息,用改进的通道空间注意力机制提高有效信息,并抑制无用信息。最后,用完全交并比和Focal Loss作为损失函数,以提高难识别目标的检测精度和缓解数据集不平衡的问题。在自制火焰数据中的实验结果表明,本算法具有较高的检测精度和较快的检测速度,平均精度均值高达89.82%,检测速度可达到20.2FPS(每秒传输帧数),能满足火灾检测的实时性和高效性要求。展开更多
Design and discovery of carrier-mediated modified pesticides are vital for reducing pesticide dosage and increasing utilization,yet it remains a great challenge due to limited insights into plant translocation mechani...Design and discovery of carrier-mediated modified pesticides are vital for reducing pesticide dosage and increasing utilization,yet it remains a great challenge due to limited insights into plant translocation mechanisms.Nanostructure/nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization strategy has established itself as a preferential analytical tool for biological tissue analysis,whereas potential applications in plant sciences are hindered with regard to the inability to slice plant leaves and petals.Herein,we report gold nanoparticle(AuNP)-immersed paper imprinting mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)for the spatiotemporal visualization of pesticide translocation in plant leaves.This approach plays a dual role in preserving spatial information and improving ionization efficiency for pesticides regardless of imaging artifacts due to homogenous AuNP deposition.Using this MSI platform,we proposed the elaborate plant translocation mechanism of agrochemicals for the first time,which is currently poorly understood.The dynamic processes of carrier-mediated pesticides can be clearly visualized,including crossing of plasma membranes by transporters,translocation downward in stems through the phloem,diffusion to the xylem and,conversely,accumulation at margins of the treated leaves.Moreover,this AuNP-assisted paper imprinting method could be highly compatible with laser-based MSI instruments,expediting researches across a broad range of fields,especially in nanomaterial development and life sciences.展开更多
Upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)doped with lanthanides can convert near-infrared excitation into UV and visible emissions.Because of their relatively high emission efficiency,UCNPs are appealing materials for use in ...Upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)doped with lanthanides can convert near-infrared excitation into UV and visible emissions.Because of their relatively high emission efficiency,UCNPs are appealing materials for use in a variety of sectors.UCNPs are known for low auto-fluorescence,excellent chemical and thermal photo-stability,deep tissue penetration,exceptional biocompatibility,low toxicity,color purity,and ease of surface functionalization.In this review,we explain a few recent strategies to boost the efficiency and luminescence of upconversion nanoparticles and minimize quenching by fabricating them as core/shell,nanofibers,or heavily doped lanthanides.Applications of UCNPs in drug delivery,Photodynamic therapy(PDT),biosensors,bioimaging,and optogenetics are also discussed along with their mechanism of action.Our motivation for this review is to understand the working mechanism of UCNPs and their applications in various fields.展开更多
由于红外探测器感应波段与可见光不同,不依赖于大气光的反射传播,而是取决于环境中物体自身散发的辐射强度,所以其在雾霾、夜晚等可见度低的条件下往往比可见光具有更好的目标检测效果。针对红外场景中目标检测精度低、实行性差的问题,...由于红外探测器感应波段与可见光不同,不依赖于大气光的反射传播,而是取决于环境中物体自身散发的辐射强度,所以其在雾霾、夜晚等可见度低的条件下往往比可见光具有更好的目标检测效果。针对红外场景中目标检测精度低、实行性差的问题,提出一种基于注意力机制的红外目标检测方法。首先,设计一种轻量化网络结构;其次,采用注意力机制提高网络的特征提取能力;然后,改进迭代特征金字塔结构提高对不同尺度目标的检测能力;最后,在训练过程中引入complete intersection over union(CIoU)损失函数和梯度均衡机制(GHM)损失函数改善正负样本不平衡问题。与其他算法的对比实验结果表明,所提算法的检测精度和速度显著提高。展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31901911 and 21904142)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0200300)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A030310215)This work is also supported by the project funded by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20180399).
文摘Design and discovery of carrier-mediated modified pesticides are vital for reducing pesticide dosage and increasing utilization,yet it remains a great challenge due to limited insights into plant translocation mechanisms.Nanostructure/nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization strategy has established itself as a preferential analytical tool for biological tissue analysis,whereas potential applications in plant sciences are hindered with regard to the inability to slice plant leaves and petals.Herein,we report gold nanoparticle(AuNP)-immersed paper imprinting mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)for the spatiotemporal visualization of pesticide translocation in plant leaves.This approach plays a dual role in preserving spatial information and improving ionization efficiency for pesticides regardless of imaging artifacts due to homogenous AuNP deposition.Using this MSI platform,we proposed the elaborate plant translocation mechanism of agrochemicals for the first time,which is currently poorly understood.The dynamic processes of carrier-mediated pesticides can be clearly visualized,including crossing of plasma membranes by transporters,translocation downward in stems through the phloem,diffusion to the xylem and,conversely,accumulation at margins of the treated leaves.Moreover,this AuNP-assisted paper imprinting method could be highly compatible with laser-based MSI instruments,expediting researches across a broad range of fields,especially in nanomaterial development and life sciences.
基金SVKM's NMIMS University(PhD/20.08.2020)for providing fellowship to carry out research。
文摘Upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)doped with lanthanides can convert near-infrared excitation into UV and visible emissions.Because of their relatively high emission efficiency,UCNPs are appealing materials for use in a variety of sectors.UCNPs are known for low auto-fluorescence,excellent chemical and thermal photo-stability,deep tissue penetration,exceptional biocompatibility,low toxicity,color purity,and ease of surface functionalization.In this review,we explain a few recent strategies to boost the efficiency and luminescence of upconversion nanoparticles and minimize quenching by fabricating them as core/shell,nanofibers,or heavily doped lanthanides.Applications of UCNPs in drug delivery,Photodynamic therapy(PDT),biosensors,bioimaging,and optogenetics are also discussed along with their mechanism of action.Our motivation for this review is to understand the working mechanism of UCNPs and their applications in various fields.
文摘由于红外探测器感应波段与可见光不同,不依赖于大气光的反射传播,而是取决于环境中物体自身散发的辐射强度,所以其在雾霾、夜晚等可见度低的条件下往往比可见光具有更好的目标检测效果。针对红外场景中目标检测精度低、实行性差的问题,提出一种基于注意力机制的红外目标检测方法。首先,设计一种轻量化网络结构;其次,采用注意力机制提高网络的特征提取能力;然后,改进迭代特征金字塔结构提高对不同尺度目标的检测能力;最后,在训练过程中引入complete intersection over union(CIoU)损失函数和梯度均衡机制(GHM)损失函数改善正负样本不平衡问题。与其他算法的对比实验结果表明,所提算法的检测精度和速度显著提高。
