Recombinant human prolactin(rhPRL)was administered to huPBL-SCID mice to determine its effects on human immunologic reconstitution and function.The huPBL-SCID mice were given 10 μg i.p.injection of rhPRL every other ...Recombinant human prolactin(rhPRL)was administered to huPBL-SCID mice to determine its effects on human immunologic reconstitution and function.The huPBL-SCID mice were given 10 μg i.p.injection of rhPRL every other day for a total of 10 injections after huPBL were transfered.The results demonstrated that rhPRL improved the engraftment of lymphocytes into thymus,lymph nodes and spleens,showing that the cellularities of these organs increased although the cellularities tended to vary depending on the donor.The amounts of human T cells(HLA-ABC^+/CD3^+)increased greatly in thymus(14.2 folds),spleen(4.16 folds)and lymph nodes(40.18 folds)after rhPRL injections.The amounts of human B cells(HLA-ABC^+/CD19^+)also increased greatly in lymph nodes(42.5 folds)and spleen(5.78 folds).The lymph node cells from the rhPRL-treated huPBL-SCID mice were more sensitive to PHA stimulation([~3H]thymidine incorporation).The supernatant of PHA-stimulated PBL from rhPRL-treated huPBL/SCID chimerism contained more cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2).The natural cytotoxicity against human sensitive target cells,K562 cells,from spleen and bone marrow of hPBL/SCID chimerism was significantly enhanced by rhPRL administration.The lymph node cells were stimulated with LPS in vitro for 3 days and the lymphocytes from the rhPRL-treated huPBL-SCID mice were more sensitive to mitogen stimulation.Both serum total IgG level and IgM level of rhPRL-treated huPBL/SCID chimerism were increased,and even without DT-rechallenge the base line of DT-specific IgG was elevated after rhPRL treatment in huPBL-SCID mice.Thus,rhPRL stimulation promotes reconstitution of human immune system in huPBL-SCID mice.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(2):129-136.展开更多
Microglia play multiple roles in such processes as brain development,homeostasis,and pathology.Due to their diverse mechanisms of functions,the complex sub-classifications,and the large differences between different s...Microglia play multiple roles in such processes as brain development,homeostasis,and pathology.Due to their diverse mechanisms of functions,the complex sub-classifications,and the large differences between different species,especially compared with humans,very different or even opposite conclusions can be drawn from studies with different research models.The choice of appropriate research models and the associated tools are thus key ingredients of studies on microglia.Mice are the most commonly used animal models.In this review,we summarize in vitro and in vivo models of mouse and human-derived microglial research models,including microglial cell lines,primary microglia,induced microglia-like cells,transgenic mice,human-mouse chimeric models,and microglial replacement models.We also summarize recent developments in novel single-cell and in vivo imaging technologies.We hope our review can serve as an efficient reference for the future study of microglia.展开更多
基金supported by 0utstanding Young Scientist Award and Key Project by Natural Science Foundation of China(#30125038,#30230340)Key Basic Science Program by Ministry of Science and Technology of China(#2001CB510009)Foundation of Chinese Academy of Science(#KSCX2-2-08).
文摘Recombinant human prolactin(rhPRL)was administered to huPBL-SCID mice to determine its effects on human immunologic reconstitution and function.The huPBL-SCID mice were given 10 μg i.p.injection of rhPRL every other day for a total of 10 injections after huPBL were transfered.The results demonstrated that rhPRL improved the engraftment of lymphocytes into thymus,lymph nodes and spleens,showing that the cellularities of these organs increased although the cellularities tended to vary depending on the donor.The amounts of human T cells(HLA-ABC^+/CD3^+)increased greatly in thymus(14.2 folds),spleen(4.16 folds)and lymph nodes(40.18 folds)after rhPRL injections.The amounts of human B cells(HLA-ABC^+/CD19^+)also increased greatly in lymph nodes(42.5 folds)and spleen(5.78 folds).The lymph node cells from the rhPRL-treated huPBL-SCID mice were more sensitive to PHA stimulation([~3H]thymidine incorporation).The supernatant of PHA-stimulated PBL from rhPRL-treated huPBL/SCID chimerism contained more cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2).The natural cytotoxicity against human sensitive target cells,K562 cells,from spleen and bone marrow of hPBL/SCID chimerism was significantly enhanced by rhPRL administration.The lymph node cells were stimulated with LPS in vitro for 3 days and the lymphocytes from the rhPRL-treated huPBL-SCID mice were more sensitive to mitogen stimulation.Both serum total IgG level and IgM level of rhPRL-treated huPBL/SCID chimerism were increased,and even without DT-rechallenge the base line of DT-specific IgG was elevated after rhPRL treatment in huPBL-SCID mice.Thus,rhPRL stimulation promotes reconstitution of human immune system in huPBL-SCID mice.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(2):129-136.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0909200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671336)+1 种基金Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(YG2016ZD06)the Shanghai Mental Health Center(2019-YJ06).
文摘Microglia play multiple roles in such processes as brain development,homeostasis,and pathology.Due to their diverse mechanisms of functions,the complex sub-classifications,and the large differences between different species,especially compared with humans,very different or even opposite conclusions can be drawn from studies with different research models.The choice of appropriate research models and the associated tools are thus key ingredients of studies on microglia.Mice are the most commonly used animal models.In this review,we summarize in vitro and in vivo models of mouse and human-derived microglial research models,including microglial cell lines,primary microglia,induced microglia-like cells,transgenic mice,human-mouse chimeric models,and microglial replacement models.We also summarize recent developments in novel single-cell and in vivo imaging technologies.We hope our review can serve as an efficient reference for the future study of microglia.