Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor initiating cells within the tumor mass;that play a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. CSCs regulate cancer cell survival, metastatic potential, resistance to conventional radio-ch...Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor initiating cells within the tumor mass;that play a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. CSCs regulate cancer cell survival, metastatic potential, resistance to conventional radio-chemotherapy, disease relapse and poor prognosis. Recent studies have established that the drug resistant cancers and cancer cell lines possess high stem cell like traits compared to their drug sensitive counterparts. Histone demethylases are recently been linked to drug induced reversible tolerant state in cancers. Lysine histone demethylases are enzymes those demethylate lysines in histones and can act as transcriptional repressors or activators. Apart from histones other cellular proteins like E2F1, Rb, STAT3 and p53 are also regulated by methylation and demethylation cycles. In cancer cells these enzymes regulate cell survival, migration, invasion, and proliferation. This review summarizes the current progress of research on the role of histone demethylases in supporting drug tolerant cancer stem cell state and their potential as a drug target.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are characterized by their self-renewing capacity and differentiation potential into multiple tissues. Thus, management of the differentiation capacities of MSCs is important for MSC-ba...Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are characterized by their self-renewing capacity and differentiation potential into multiple tissues. Thus, management of the differentiation capacities of MSCs is important for MSC-based regenerative medicine, such as craniofacial bone regeneration, and in new treatments for metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. In recent years, histone modification has been a growing topic in the field of MSC lineage specification, in which the Su（var）3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax （SET） domain-containing family and the Jumonji C （JmjC） domain-containing family represent the major histone lysine methyltransferases （KMTs） and histone lysine demethylases （KDMs）, respectively. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms by which SET domain-containine KMTs and JmiC domain-containinlz KDMs balance the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs.展开更多
组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(histone lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)是一个黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)依赖的氨基氧化酶,能够特异性去除组蛋白H3K4和H3K9的单、双甲基化。利用RNA干扰技术和小分子LSD1抑制剂调节LSD1的表达量和...组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(histone lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)是一个黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)依赖的氨基氧化酶,能够特异性去除组蛋白H3K4和H3K9的单、双甲基化。利用RNA干扰技术和小分子LSD1抑制剂调节LSD1的表达量和活性,能够控制肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移和侵袭。同时,由于LSD1在多种肿瘤中高表达,靶向LSD1的抗肿瘤治疗方案表现出较高的选择性和较低的毒副作用。因此,LSD1可能成为表观遗传学抗肿瘤药物的新靶点。本文对近年来LSD1的结构、功能研究及最新的LSD1抑制剂研究进展做一综述和分析。展开更多
目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者外周血CD4^(+)Th细胞内赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1(histone lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)表达水平与Th1/Th2平衡的关系,初步探讨LSD1介导的组蛋白修饰对慢性乙肝患者CD4^(+)Th细胞分化的作...目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者外周血CD4^(+)Th细胞内赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1(histone lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)表达水平与Th1/Th2平衡的关系,初步探讨LSD1介导的组蛋白修饰对慢性乙肝患者CD4^(+)Th细胞分化的作用。方法:选择2017年6月至12月在南通大学附属医院感染科住院的慢性乙肝患者65例,分为丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)高水平[>4×ULN(正常上限)]组与低水平(≤4×ULN)组,HBV-DNA高载量(≥10^(6)拷贝/mL)组与低载量(<106拷贝/mL)组。以同期在该院体检的30例健康人为对照。采用密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核细胞,免疫磁珠法分选CD4^(+)Th细胞;提取CD4^(+)Th细胞总蛋白,以Western印迹法检测LSD1表达水平。采用ELISA法检测血清中干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)含量;用微粒子化学发光法检测血清乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)含量;用实时定量PCR法检测血清HBV-DNA载量。结果:慢性乙肝组患者外周血CD4^(+)Th细胞中LSD1表达水平高于健康人(0.52±0.21 vs 0.28±0.09,t=-7.49,P<0.001)。慢性乙肝患者中,CD4^(+)Th细胞中LSD1表达量在ALT高水平组(n=38)低于低水平组(n=27,0.39±0.18 vs 0.64±0.16;t=-5.79,P<0.001),在HBV-DNA高载量组(n=32)高于HBV-DNA低载量组(n=33,0.69±0.08 vs 0.35±0.16;t=10.80,P<0.001)。与健康人相比,慢性乙肝组血清IFN-γ含量降低、IL-4含量增高、IFN-γ/IL-4比值减小(P<0.05)。慢性乙肝患者外周血CD4^(+)Th细胞中LSD1表达量与其血清ALT水平(r=-0.590)、IFN-γ水平(r=-0.379)及IFN-γ/IL-4(-0.285)负相关(P<0.01),与HBV-DNA载量正相关(r=0.880,P<0.001),与血清IL-4水平无相关性(r=0.169,P=0.102)。结论:LSD1高表达可能是慢性乙肝患者体内Th1/Th2失衡、Th1反应水平下降的原因之一,并导致机体清除HBV能力减弱或抑制HBV复制能力减弱。展开更多
文摘Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor initiating cells within the tumor mass;that play a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. CSCs regulate cancer cell survival, metastatic potential, resistance to conventional radio-chemotherapy, disease relapse and poor prognosis. Recent studies have established that the drug resistant cancers and cancer cell lines possess high stem cell like traits compared to their drug sensitive counterparts. Histone demethylases are recently been linked to drug induced reversible tolerant state in cancers. Lysine histone demethylases are enzymes those demethylate lysines in histones and can act as transcriptional repressors or activators. Apart from histones other cellular proteins like E2F1, Rb, STAT3 and p53 are also regulated by methylation and demethylation cycles. In cancer cells these enzymes regulate cell survival, migration, invasion, and proliferation. This review summarizes the current progress of research on the role of histone demethylases in supporting drug tolerant cancer stem cell state and their potential as a drug target.
基金supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research grants, K08DE024603-02, DE019412, and DE01651a grant from 111 Project of MOE, Chinasupported by Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are characterized by their self-renewing capacity and differentiation potential into multiple tissues. Thus, management of the differentiation capacities of MSCs is important for MSC-based regenerative medicine, such as craniofacial bone regeneration, and in new treatments for metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. In recent years, histone modification has been a growing topic in the field of MSC lineage specification, in which the Su（var）3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax （SET） domain-containing family and the Jumonji C （JmjC） domain-containing family represent the major histone lysine methyltransferases （KMTs） and histone lysine demethylases （KDMs）, respectively. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms by which SET domain-containine KMTs and JmiC domain-containinlz KDMs balance the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs.
文摘目的探讨19个组蛋白赖氨酸去甲基化酶(KDMs)在膀胱癌多组学中的表达模式与潜在作用。方法本研究使用UALCAN和GSCALite分析来自TCGA的膀胱癌样本的KDMs的转录表达和甲基化水平、体细胞变异多组学高通量测序数据。使用Kaplan Meier-Plotter和Assistant for clinical bioinformatics探讨KDMs的表达对BLCA样本的预后影响。利用Timer和GSCALite分析KDMs在膀胱癌中的免疫浸润和药物敏感性。结果分析结果首先揭示了KDMs在膀胱癌多组学中的表达特征,并不是所有KDMs都具有一致的表达模式。转录组数据分析显示KDM1A/1B/2B/4A/4B/5B/5C的表达上调(P<0.05),而KDM3B/6B/7C的表达下调。甲基化水平差异分析显示KDM1A/3B/4A/4B/4C/5A/5B/5C/7B的甲基化水平下调,而KDM7C甲基化水平上调(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,14个KDMs家族成员的转录水平与甲基化水平呈负相关,其中KDM1A最显著。突变分析显示,KDM6A非同义突变频率最高,突变种类最多,且与其它KDMs的非同义突变具有互补性。生存分析显示,KDM3A/4C/5D/6A/7B对BLCA患者总生存率具有保护性作用,而KDM3B/5B/5C对BLCA患者无复发生存率具有危险性影响。综合预后模型证实KDM4C/6A/7B具有膀胱癌预后生物标志物的潜在作用,其表达与BLCA患者免疫浸润呈正相关。药物敏感性分析显示,KDM2B/3B/4B/4C/5A与大多数抗癌药物呈负相关,而KDM2B/4B与6种抗癌药物呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论本研究系统性地揭示了KDMs基因家族在膀胱癌中的高突变互补性、过表达与低甲基化负相关性的特征,并与膀胱癌预后、免疫浸润和药物敏感性密切相关。
文摘组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(histone lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)是一个黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)依赖的氨基氧化酶,能够特异性去除组蛋白H3K4和H3K9的单、双甲基化。利用RNA干扰技术和小分子LSD1抑制剂调节LSD1的表达量和活性,能够控制肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移和侵袭。同时,由于LSD1在多种肿瘤中高表达,靶向LSD1的抗肿瘤治疗方案表现出较高的选择性和较低的毒副作用。因此,LSD1可能成为表观遗传学抗肿瘤药物的新靶点。本文对近年来LSD1的结构、功能研究及最新的LSD1抑制剂研究进展做一综述和分析。
文摘目的:探讨慢性乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者外周血CD4^(+)Th细胞内赖氨酸特异性组蛋白去甲基化酶1(histone lysine specific demethylase 1,LSD1)表达水平与Th1/Th2平衡的关系,初步探讨LSD1介导的组蛋白修饰对慢性乙肝患者CD4^(+)Th细胞分化的作用。方法:选择2017年6月至12月在南通大学附属医院感染科住院的慢性乙肝患者65例,分为丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)高水平[>4×ULN(正常上限)]组与低水平(≤4×ULN)组,HBV-DNA高载量(≥10^(6)拷贝/mL)组与低载量(<106拷贝/mL)组。以同期在该院体检的30例健康人为对照。采用密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核细胞,免疫磁珠法分选CD4^(+)Th细胞;提取CD4^(+)Th细胞总蛋白,以Western印迹法检测LSD1表达水平。采用ELISA法检测血清中干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)含量;用微粒子化学发光法检测血清乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)含量;用实时定量PCR法检测血清HBV-DNA载量。结果:慢性乙肝组患者外周血CD4^(+)Th细胞中LSD1表达水平高于健康人(0.52±0.21 vs 0.28±0.09,t=-7.49,P<0.001)。慢性乙肝患者中,CD4^(+)Th细胞中LSD1表达量在ALT高水平组(n=38)低于低水平组(n=27,0.39±0.18 vs 0.64±0.16;t=-5.79,P<0.001),在HBV-DNA高载量组(n=32)高于HBV-DNA低载量组(n=33,0.69±0.08 vs 0.35±0.16;t=10.80,P<0.001)。与健康人相比,慢性乙肝组血清IFN-γ含量降低、IL-4含量增高、IFN-γ/IL-4比值减小(P<0.05)。慢性乙肝患者外周血CD4^(+)Th细胞中LSD1表达量与其血清ALT水平(r=-0.590)、IFN-γ水平(r=-0.379)及IFN-γ/IL-4(-0.285)负相关(P<0.01),与HBV-DNA载量正相关(r=0.880,P<0.001),与血清IL-4水平无相关性(r=0.169,P=0.102)。结论:LSD1高表达可能是慢性乙肝患者体内Th1/Th2失衡、Th1反应水平下降的原因之一,并导致机体清除HBV能力减弱或抑制HBV复制能力减弱。
