An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to chara...An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to characterize miRNAomes from the ovules of wild-type upland cotton and a fiberless mutant during fiber initiation. Comparative miR- NAome analysis combined with northern blotting and RACE-PCR revealed seven fiber initiation-related miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules and experimentally validated targets of these miRNAs are involved in different cellular responses and metabolic processes, including transcriptional regulation, auxin and gibberellin signal transduction, actin bundles, and lignin biosynthesis. This paper describes a complex regulatory network consisting of these miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules to coordinate fiber initiation responses. In addition, 36 novel miRNAs and two conserved miRNAs were newly iden- tified, nearly doubling the number of known cotton miRNA families to a total of 78. Furthermore, a chromatin remodeling complex subunit and a pre-mRNA splicing factor are shown for the first time to be miRNA targets. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic investigation of fiber initiation-related miRNAs and their targets in the developing cotton ovule, deepening our understanding of the important regulatory functions of miRNAs in cotton fiber initiation.展开更多
Macroscopic materials are heterogeneous,multi-elementary,and complex.No material is homogeneous or isotropic at a certain small scale.Parts of the material that differ from one another can be termed"natural chips...Macroscopic materials are heterogeneous,multi-elementary,and complex.No material is homogeneous or isotropic at a certain small scale.Parts of the material that differ from one another can be termed"natural chips."At different spots on the material,the composition,structure,and properties vary slightly,and the combination of these slight differences establishes the overall material performance.This article presents a state-of-the-art review of research and applications of high-throughput statistical spatialmapping characterization technology based on the intrinsic heterogeneity within materials.Highthroughput statistical spatial-mapping uses a series of rapid characterization techniques for analysis from the macroscopic to the microscopic scale.Datasets of composition,structure,and properties at each location are obtained rapidly for practical sample sizes.Accurate positional coordinate information and references to a point-to-point correspondence are used to set up a database that contains spatialmapping lattices.Based on material research and development design requirements,dataset spatialmapping within required target intervals is selected from the database.Statistical analysis can be used to select a suitable design that better meets the targeted requirements.After repeated verification,genetic units that reflect the material properties are determined.By optimizing process parameters,the assembly of these genetic unit(s)is verified at the mesoscale,and quantitative correlations are established between the microscale,mesoscale,macroscale,practical sample,across-the-scale span composition,structure,and properties.The high-throughput statistical spatial-mapping characterization technology has been applied to numerous material systems,such as steels,superalloys,galvanization,and ferrosilicon alloys.This approach has guided the composition and the process optimization of various materials.展开更多
The development of high-performance lithium ion batteries requires the discovery of new materials and the optimization of key components.By contrast with traditional one-by-one method,high-throughput method can synthe...The development of high-performance lithium ion batteries requires the discovery of new materials and the optimization of key components.By contrast with traditional one-by-one method,high-throughput method can synthesize and characterize a large number of compositionally varying samples,which is able to accelerate the pace of discovery,development and optimization process of materials.Because of rapid progress in thin film and automatic control technologies,thousands of compounds with different compositions could be synthesized rapidly right now,even in a single experiment.However,the lack of rapid or combinatorial characterization technologies to match with high-throughput synthesis methods,limit the application of high-throughput technology.Here,we review a series of representative highthroughput characterization methods used in lithium batteries,including high-throughput structural and electrochemical characterization methods and rapid measuring technologies based on synchrotron light sources.展开更多
Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates to supplement or even replace silicon in the post-Moore era.The requirement is to prepare the horizontally aligned SWNTs ...Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates to supplement or even replace silicon in the post-Moore era.The requirement is to prepare the horizontally aligned SWNTs arrays(HASAs)with multiple indicators,including high density,high semiconducting purity,and wafer-scale uniformity.However,after all the fevered works being done in controlled synthesis,we still have a long way to go before realizing the application of SWNTs in highly performed electronic devices.The methods of batch production and high-throughput characterization techniques of the HASAs are the two main challenges.In this outlook,we first summarized the progresses in synthesis of HASAs with either high density or high semiconducting purity.Then the methods adopted in characterizing SWNTs and HASAs were discussed according to the different principles of characterization techniques.Afterwards,the development of carbon nanotube based electronic devices,specifically,the field effect transistors(FETs),was reviewed from three perspectives.The problems involved in electronic applications bring forward the higher request to the HASAs itself.Therefore,in the end of this outlook,we prospected the future of the synthesis and corresponding characterization of HASAs,and tried to provide our ideas about how to pave the way to the batch production of HASAs for carbon based electronic devices.展开更多
Fe-X-Ni(X=Cr,W and V)combinatorial thin-film(∼100 nm thick)materials chips covering the full composition range of ternary systems were fabricated.The crystal structure distribution was mapped by micro-beam X-ray diff...Fe-X-Ni(X=Cr,W and V)combinatorial thin-film(∼100 nm thick)materials chips covering the full composition range of ternary systems were fabricated.The crystal structure distribution was mapped by micro-beam X-ray diffractometers(XRD)and the magnetic hysteresis loops over the chip were characterized by a high-throughput magneto-optical Kerr effect(HT-MOKE)system to establish the composition-phase-magnetic properties relationships.The results showed that saturation magnetization for all systems has a strong dependency on alloying composition,and decreases with increasing dopped elements content as a general trend.Although the trend of saturation magnetization in bulk is in good agreement with that from thin films,all bulk samples show almost no coercivity,attributable to the much smaller grain size,and stronger texture in thin-film samples.Comparing the Fe-X-Ni systems under a similar condition,in the out-of-plane,Cr alloying obtained the largest coercivity(∼400 mT)followed by W alloying(∼300 mT)and then V alloying(∼200 mT).We suggest that alloying with different elements leads to the diverse orientation and crystallinity of the fcc phase resulting in different magnetic properties.Meanwhile,the effect of heat treatment on magnetic properties indicates that saturation magnetization is more closely related to the duration of heat treatment.展开更多
Fast synthesis and screening of materials are vital to the advance of materials science and are an essential component of the Materials Genome Initiative. Here we use copper-oxide superconductors as an example to demo...Fast synthesis and screening of materials are vital to the advance of materials science and are an essential component of the Materials Genome Initiative. Here we use copper-oxide superconductors as an example to demonstrate the power of integrating combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy synthesis with high-throughput electric transport measurements. Leveraging this method, we have generated a phase diagram with more than 800 compositions in order to unravel the doping dependence of interface superconductivity. In another application of the same method, we have studied the superconductorto-insulator quantum phase transition with unprecedented accuracy in tuning the chemical doping level.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the State Key Basic Re- search and Development Plan （2010CB126003）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （90608016）, the Hi-Tech Re- search and Development Program of China （2008AA02Z116）, and the National Transgenic Animals and Plants Research Project （2009ZX08009-069B, 2009ZX08005-026B, and 2008ZX08009- 003）.
文摘An increasing number of microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to characterize miRNAomes from the ovules of wild-type upland cotton and a fiberless mutant during fiber initiation. Comparative miR- NAome analysis combined with northern blotting and RACE-PCR revealed seven fiber initiation-related miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules and experimentally validated targets of these miRNAs are involved in different cellular responses and metabolic processes, including transcriptional regulation, auxin and gibberellin signal transduction, actin bundles, and lignin biosynthesis. This paper describes a complex regulatory network consisting of these miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules to coordinate fiber initiation responses. In addition, 36 novel miRNAs and two conserved miRNAs were newly iden- tified, nearly doubling the number of known cotton miRNA families to a total of 78. Furthermore, a chromatin remodeling complex subunit and a pre-mRNA splicing factor are shown for the first time to be miRNA targets. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic investigation of fiber initiation-related miRNAs and their targets in the developing cotton ovule, deepening our understanding of the important regulatory functions of miRNAs in cotton fiber initiation.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0700300).The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Profs.Hong Wang,Xiaodong Xiang,and Liang Jiang.We thank Laura Kuhar,Ph.D.from Liwen Bianji,Edanz Group China(www.liwenbianji.cn/ac),for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.
文摘Macroscopic materials are heterogeneous,multi-elementary,and complex.No material is homogeneous or isotropic at a certain small scale.Parts of the material that differ from one another can be termed"natural chips."At different spots on the material,the composition,structure,and properties vary slightly,and the combination of these slight differences establishes the overall material performance.This article presents a state-of-the-art review of research and applications of high-throughput statistical spatialmapping characterization technology based on the intrinsic heterogeneity within materials.Highthroughput statistical spatial-mapping uses a series of rapid characterization techniques for analysis from the macroscopic to the microscopic scale.Datasets of composition,structure,and properties at each location are obtained rapidly for practical sample sizes.Accurate positional coordinate information and references to a point-to-point correspondence are used to set up a database that contains spatialmapping lattices.Based on material research and development design requirements,dataset spatialmapping within required target intervals is selected from the database.Statistical analysis can be used to select a suitable design that better meets the targeted requirements.After repeated verification,genetic units that reflect the material properties are determined.By optimizing process parameters,the assembly of these genetic unit(s)is verified at the mesoscale,and quantitative correlations are established between the microscale,mesoscale,macroscale,practical sample,across-the-scale span composition,structure,and properties.The high-throughput statistical spatial-mapping characterization technology has been applied to numerous material systems,such as steels,superalloys,galvanization,and ferrosilicon alloys.This approach has guided the composition and the process optimization of various materials.
基金This work was supported by National Science Foundation of China(51602191,51602190)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning.
文摘The development of high-performance lithium ion batteries requires the discovery of new materials and the optimization of key components.By contrast with traditional one-by-one method,high-throughput method can synthesize and characterize a large number of compositionally varying samples,which is able to accelerate the pace of discovery,development and optimization process of materials.Because of rapid progress in thin film and automatic control technologies,thousands of compounds with different compositions could be synthesized rapidly right now,even in a single experiment.However,the lack of rapid or combinatorial characterization technologies to match with high-throughput synthesis methods,limit the application of high-throughput technology.Here,we review a series of representative highthroughput characterization methods used in lithium batteries,including high-throughput structural and electrochemical characterization methods and rapid measuring technologies based on synchrotron light sources.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2022YFA1203302,2022YFA1203304,and 2018YFA0703502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021006)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(No.XDB36030100)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(No.BNLMSCXTD-202001).
文摘Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates to supplement or even replace silicon in the post-Moore era.The requirement is to prepare the horizontally aligned SWNTs arrays(HASAs)with multiple indicators,including high density,high semiconducting purity,and wafer-scale uniformity.However,after all the fevered works being done in controlled synthesis,we still have a long way to go before realizing the application of SWNTs in highly performed electronic devices.The methods of batch production and high-throughput characterization techniques of the HASAs are the two main challenges.In this outlook,we first summarized the progresses in synthesis of HASAs with either high density or high semiconducting purity.Then the methods adopted in characterizing SWNTs and HASAs were discussed according to the different principles of characterization techniques.Afterwards,the development of carbon nanotube based electronic devices,specifically,the field effect transistors(FETs),was reviewed from three perspectives.The problems involved in electronic applications bring forward the higher request to the HASAs itself.Therefore,in the end of this outlook,we prospected the future of the synthesis and corresponding characterization of HASAs,and tried to provide our ideas about how to pave the way to the batch production of HASAs for carbon based electronic devices.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFB3702102 and 2017YFB0701900)the Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province“Genome Engineering of Rare and Precious Metal Materials in Yunnan Province(Phase One 2020)"(Grant No.202002AB080001-1)Boyue Instruments(Shanghai)Co.,Ltd for support of m-XRF is also acknowledged。
文摘Fe-X-Ni(X=Cr,W and V)combinatorial thin-film(∼100 nm thick)materials chips covering the full composition range of ternary systems were fabricated.The crystal structure distribution was mapped by micro-beam X-ray diffractometers(XRD)and the magnetic hysteresis loops over the chip were characterized by a high-throughput magneto-optical Kerr effect(HT-MOKE)system to establish the composition-phase-magnetic properties relationships.The results showed that saturation magnetization for all systems has a strong dependency on alloying composition,and decreases with increasing dopped elements content as a general trend.Although the trend of saturation magnetization in bulk is in good agreement with that from thin films,all bulk samples show almost no coercivity,attributable to the much smaller grain size,and stronger texture in thin-film samples.Comparing the Fe-X-Ni systems under a similar condition,in the out-of-plane,Cr alloying obtained the largest coercivity(∼400 mT)followed by W alloying(∼300 mT)and then V alloying(∼200 mT).We suggest that alloying with different elements leads to the diverse orientation and crystallinity of the fcc phase resulting in different magnetic properties.Meanwhile,the effect of heat treatment on magnetic properties indicates that saturation magnetization is more closely related to the duration of heat treatment.
文摘Fast synthesis and screening of materials are vital to the advance of materials science and are an essential component of the Materials Genome Initiative. Here we use copper-oxide superconductors as an example to demonstrate the power of integrating combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy synthesis with high-throughput electric transport measurements. Leveraging this method, we have generated a phase diagram with more than 800 compositions in order to unravel the doping dependence of interface superconductivity. In another application of the same method, we have studied the superconductorto-insulator quantum phase transition with unprecedented accuracy in tuning the chemical doping level.
