We present two haze removal algorithms for single image based on haziness analysis.One algorithm regards haze as the veil layer,and the other takes haze as the transmission.The former uses the illumination component i...We present two haze removal algorithms for single image based on haziness analysis.One algorithm regards haze as the veil layer,and the other takes haze as the transmission.The former uses the illumination component image obtained by retinex algorithm and the depth information of the original image to remove the veil layer.The latter employs guided filter to obtain the refined haze transmission and separates it from the original image.The main advantages of the proposed methods are that no user interaction is needed and the computing speed is relatively fast.A comparative study and quantitative evaluation with some main existing algorithms demonstrate that similar even better quality results can be obtained by the proposed methods.On the top of haze removal,several applications of the haze transmission including image refocusing,haze simulation,relighting and 2-dimensional(2D)to 3-dimensional(3D) stereoscopic conversion are also implemented.展开更多
石油压裂支撑剂是使地层深处岩石裂隙保持裂开状态的支撑物，对油田压裂工艺技术能否获得成功起着关键作用。2003--2010年中国石油天然气股份有限公司陶粒支撑剂抽检统计数据表明，陶粒支撑剂中的酸溶解度不合格项出现过多。考察其生产...石油压裂支撑剂是使地层深处岩石裂隙保持裂开状态的支撑物，对油田压裂工艺技术能否获得成功起着关键作用。2003--2010年中国石油天然气股份有限公司陶粒支撑剂抽检统计数据表明，陶粒支撑剂中的酸溶解度不合格项出现过多。考察其生产原料的应用并研究其检验方法，使用Temco Division of Core Lab研制的裂缝导流评价系统（FCS-842型）和多瓶机械腕摇摆器等仪器，分别对陶粒支撑剂粒径均值影响下的导流能力和浊度进行了实验对比，指出在体积密度检验中检验员使用仪器不规范是导致测量误差的主要原因。对涂覆类支撑剂的检验方法提出了建议。研究结果对今后压裂支撑剂检验和现场应用具有指导意义。展开更多
The characteristics of water-soluble ions in airborne particulate matter in Beijing were investigated using ion chromatography. The results showed that the total concentrations of ions were 83.7 ± 48.9 μg/m3 in ...The characteristics of water-soluble ions in airborne particulate matter in Beijing were investigated using ion chromatography. The results showed that the total concentrations of ions were 83.7 ± 48.9 μg/m3 in spring, 54.0 ± 17.0 μg/m3 in summer, 54.1 ± 42.9 μg/m3 in autumn, and 88.8 ± 47.7 μg/m3 in winter, respectively. Furthermore, out of all the ions, NO3-,SO42-and NH4＋accounted for 81.2% in spring, 78.5% in summer, 74.6% in autumn, and 76.3%in winter. Mg2＋and Ca2＋were mainly associated with coarse particles, with a peak that ranged from 5.8 to 9.0 μm. Na＋, NH4＋and Cl-had a multi-mode distribution with peaks that ranged from 0.43 to 1.1 μm and 4.7 to 9.0 μm. K＋, NO3-, and SO42-were mainly associated with fine particles, with a peak that ranged from 0.65 to 2.1 μm. The concentrations of Na＋, K＋,Mg2＋, Ca2＋, NH4＋, Cl-, NO3-and SO42-were 2.69, 2.32, 1.01, 4.84, 16.9, 11.8, 42.0, and 44.1 μg/m3 in particulate matter（PM） on foggy days, respectively, which were 1.4 to 7.3 times higher than those on clear days. The concentrations of these ions were 2.40, 1.66, 0.92, 4.95, 17.5,7.00, 32.6, and 34.7 μg/m3 in PM on hazy days, respectively, which were 1.2–5.7 times higher than those on clear days.展开更多
Number concentrations and distributions of 10-10,000 nm particles in a large city （Jinan） in the North China Plain were measured in winter 2009. The mean number concentrations of nucleation mode （10-20 nm）, Aitken...Number concentrations and distributions of 10-10,000 nm particles in a large city （Jinan） in the North China Plain were measured in winter 2009. The mean number concentrations of nucleation mode （10-20 nm）, Aitken mode （20-100 nm）, and accumulation mode （100-1000 nm） particles, as well as total particles were 925, 6898, 2476, and 10,299cm-3, respectively. Two severe haze episodes, with elevated concentrations caused by pollutants accumulating, were observed. Accumulation mode particle concen- trations were significantly higher during the episodes than on clear days, and nucleation mode particle concentrations were pronouncedly higher on clear days than during the episodes. The peaks of domi- nant number, surface area, and mass size distributions were around 30-50, 200-300, and 200-400 rim, respectively, both during the haze episodes and on clear days, but elevated mass and surface area con- centrations around 500-600 nm were also observed during the haze episodes, suggesting these particles had significant contributions to haze formation. These particles were probably formed through larger droplets in cloud and fog evaporating. Two new particle formation events, probably triggered by strong photochemical processes on clear days and significant traffic emissions during haze episode 2, were found. Significant insights were made into haze formation in a oolluted Chinese urban area.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91220301,61175064 and 61273314)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University(No.126648)New Teacher Fund for School of Information Science and Engineering,Central South University(No.2012170301)
文摘We present two haze removal algorithms for single image based on haziness analysis.One algorithm regards haze as the veil layer,and the other takes haze as the transmission.The former uses the illumination component image obtained by retinex algorithm and the depth information of the original image to remove the veil layer.The latter employs guided filter to obtain the refined haze transmission and separates it from the original image.The main advantages of the proposed methods are that no user interaction is needed and the computing speed is relatively fast.A comparative study and quantitative evaluation with some main existing algorithms demonstrate that similar even better quality results can be obtained by the proposed methods.On the top of haze removal,several applications of the haze transmission including image refocusing,haze simulation,relighting and 2-dimensional(2D)to 3-dimensional(3D) stereoscopic conversion are also implemented.
文摘石油压裂支撑剂是使地层深处岩石裂隙保持裂开状态的支撑物，对油田压裂工艺技术能否获得成功起着关键作用。2003--2010年中国石油天然气股份有限公司陶粒支撑剂抽检统计数据表明，陶粒支撑剂中的酸溶解度不合格项出现过多。考察其生产原料的应用并研究其检验方法，使用Temco Division of Core Lab研制的裂缝导流评价系统（FCS-842型）和多瓶机械腕摇摆器等仪器，分别对陶粒支撑剂粒径均值影响下的导流能力和浊度进行了实验对比，指出在体积密度检验中检验员使用仪器不规范是导致测量误差的主要原因。对涂覆类支撑剂的检验方法提出了建议。研究结果对今后压裂支撑剂检验和现场应用具有指导意义。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41105089)the National Environmental Protection Commonweal Research Project (No.201409073)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.8121002)
文摘The characteristics of water-soluble ions in airborne particulate matter in Beijing were investigated using ion chromatography. The results showed that the total concentrations of ions were 83.7 ± 48.9 μg/m3 in spring, 54.0 ± 17.0 μg/m3 in summer, 54.1 ± 42.9 μg/m3 in autumn, and 88.8 ± 47.7 μg/m3 in winter, respectively. Furthermore, out of all the ions, NO3-,SO42-and NH4＋accounted for 81.2% in spring, 78.5% in summer, 74.6% in autumn, and 76.3%in winter. Mg2＋and Ca2＋were mainly associated with coarse particles, with a peak that ranged from 5.8 to 9.0 μm. Na＋, NH4＋and Cl-had a multi-mode distribution with peaks that ranged from 0.43 to 1.1 μm and 4.7 to 9.0 μm. K＋, NO3-, and SO42-were mainly associated with fine particles, with a peak that ranged from 0.65 to 2.1 μm. The concentrations of Na＋, K＋,Mg2＋, Ca2＋, NH4＋, Cl-, NO3-and SO42-were 2.69, 2.32, 1.01, 4.84, 16.9, 11.8, 42.0, and 44.1 μg/m3 in particulate matter（PM） on foggy days, respectively, which were 1.4 to 7.3 times higher than those on clear days. The concentrations of these ions were 2.40, 1.66, 0.92, 4.95, 17.5,7.00, 32.6, and 34.7 μg/m3 in PM on hazy days, respectively, which were 1.2–5.7 times higher than those on clear days.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for providing the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and access to the READY website （httP：nready.arl.noaa. gov）, which were used in this study. The authors also acknowledge support provided by the Shandong Province Natural Science Foun- dation （ZR2010DQ022）, the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University （2012TS041）, a China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project （20060400982）, and the Shandong Post~ doctoral Science Innovation Foundation （200601003）.
文摘Number concentrations and distributions of 10-10,000 nm particles in a large city （Jinan） in the North China Plain were measured in winter 2009. The mean number concentrations of nucleation mode （10-20 nm）, Aitken mode （20-100 nm）, and accumulation mode （100-1000 nm） particles, as well as total particles were 925, 6898, 2476, and 10,299cm-3, respectively. Two severe haze episodes, with elevated concentrations caused by pollutants accumulating, were observed. Accumulation mode particle concen- trations were significantly higher during the episodes than on clear days, and nucleation mode particle concentrations were pronouncedly higher on clear days than during the episodes. The peaks of domi- nant number, surface area, and mass size distributions were around 30-50, 200-300, and 200-400 rim, respectively, both during the haze episodes and on clear days, but elevated mass and surface area con- centrations around 500-600 nm were also observed during the haze episodes, suggesting these particles had significant contributions to haze formation. These particles were probably formed through larger droplets in cloud and fog evaporating. Two new particle formation events, probably triggered by strong photochemical processes on clear days and significant traffic emissions during haze episode 2, were found. Significant insights were made into haze formation in a oolluted Chinese urban area.
