Considering a one-supplier and two-retailer supply chain setting in which the supplier makes contacts with retailers in sequence based on FCFS(first–come–first-service) principle, the authors investigate the margina...Considering a one-supplier and two-retailer supply chain setting in which the supplier makes contacts with retailers in sequence based on FCFS(first–come–first-service) principle, the authors investigate the marginal effect of extra-gain guilty fairness concerns of supply chain members on the contract design, supply chain's profit and profit distribution. When the supplier considers distributional fairness of loss aversion and extra-gain guilty, extra-gain guilty concern reduces the optimal wholesale and retail price, and improves supply chain performance. When the first or the second retailer considers distributional fairness and peer-induced fairness, extra-gain guilty concerns decrease the optimal wholesale and retail price but increase the profit of all supply chain members only when the level of loss aversion is large enough and the level of extra-gain guilty is less than 1/2. However, when the level of loss aversion is small and the level of extra-gain guilty is less than 1/2, extra-gain guilty has no influence on supply chain performance. The analysis reveals that the supply chain performance can be further improved by considering fairness of extra-gain guilty.展开更多
瑞士餐饮连锁not guilty坚持选用优质食品原料,以充满想象力的方式将其制作成品种丰富的沙拉和小吃。为了实现下一步的扩张计划,该公司于2013年在苏黎世市中心开设了第三家连锁店。
not guilty餐厅旨在创造一个＂人间小天堂＂,呼唤访...瑞士餐饮连锁not guilty坚持选用优质食品原料,以充满想象力的方式将其制作成品种丰富的沙拉和小吃。为了实现下一步的扩张计划,该公司于2013年在苏黎世市中心开设了第三家连锁店。
not guilty餐厅旨在创造一个＂人间小天堂＂,呼唤访客融入自然,贻享其中之乐,唤起人们内心的幸福感。展开更多
As the folklore in Hainan goes, ＂Coconuts have eyes.＂ Before falling off its tree, a potentially deadly distance of up to 50 feet, an overripe nut apparently peeps at passersby through the holes on its husk, so ...As the folklore in Hainan goes, ＂Coconuts have eyes.＂ Before falling off its tree, a potentially deadly distance of up to 50 feet, an overripe nut apparently peeps at passersby through the holes on its husk, so it can avoid the innocent and punish the guilty.展开更多
In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, ...In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, which are in the majority, and optimizing the complex ones, which are in the minority. Summary handling of the simple majority means reducing the marginal cost of judicial activities in accord with the principle of simplifying procedures but not rights while improving judicial effectiveness and promoting judicial justice in a way predicated on protecting the fundamental rights of legal actors. According to quantitative analysis based on trials in which the defendant entered a plea of guilty, there is still plenty of room to optimize the resource allocation mechanism in the field of criminal justice. Implementing the summary procedure confirmed in the 2012 Criminal Procedure Law requires that the judicial organs guarantee defendants who have pleaded guilty the right to a lawyer. It also requires the improvement of judicial efficiency at the stages of investigation, bringing a case, and trial. Only by doing so can we scientifically allocate criminal justice resources overall and effectively promote judicial justice.展开更多
In the context of the more frequent application of the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the connotations of the rules on victim involvement should be enriched in the 2018 Criminal Procedure...In the context of the more frequent application of the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the connotations of the rules on victim involvement should be enriched in the 2018 Criminal Procedure Law.Victims deeply influenced by the concept of cooperative justice will also have an intention to cooperate,thus resulting in a rationale for victims’cooperation.Victims’cooperation features a subjectivity of interactivity,understanding,and constraint.This kind of cooperation faces the accused,the procuratorial organ,and the court.The jurisprudential function of the rationale for cooperation of victims is embodied in such aspects as recognizing the victims as eligible subjects,enhancing the legal force of the recognizance in a case of pleading guilty and accepting punishment,and consolidating the legitimate basis for victim to obtain legal assistance.Oriented to protecting right of action of the victim,understanding and developing the rationale for the cooperation of the victim can start by reaching a judicial consensus on the"two limits"principle,optimizing the right of action system for victims,achieving the interconnection of multi-level litigation systems,and improving the rules on lenient punishment to enrich the plan for protecting victims’right of action in cases of pleading guilty and accepting punishment.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71571079,71301122,71671133,71131004Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University under Grant No.NCET-13-0228
文摘Considering a one-supplier and two-retailer supply chain setting in which the supplier makes contacts with retailers in sequence based on FCFS(first–come–first-service) principle, the authors investigate the marginal effect of extra-gain guilty fairness concerns of supply chain members on the contract design, supply chain's profit and profit distribution. When the supplier considers distributional fairness of loss aversion and extra-gain guilty, extra-gain guilty concern reduces the optimal wholesale and retail price, and improves supply chain performance. When the first or the second retailer considers distributional fairness and peer-induced fairness, extra-gain guilty concerns decrease the optimal wholesale and retail price but increase the profit of all supply chain members only when the level of loss aversion is large enough and the level of extra-gain guilty is less than 1/2. However, when the level of loss aversion is small and the level of extra-gain guilty is less than 1/2, extra-gain guilty has no influence on supply chain performance. The analysis reveals that the supply chain performance can be further improved by considering fairness of extra-gain guilty.
文摘As the folklore in Hainan goes, ＂Coconuts have eyes.＂ Before falling off its tree, a potentially deadly distance of up to 50 feet, an overripe nut apparently peeps at passersby through the holes on its husk, so it can avoid the innocent and punish the guilty.
文摘In the field of law, particularly in the area of legal proceedings and other types of dispute settlement, judicial organs can achieve the best allocation of judicial resources by summary handling of the simple cases, which are in the majority, and optimizing the complex ones, which are in the minority. Summary handling of the simple majority means reducing the marginal cost of judicial activities in accord with the principle of simplifying procedures but not rights while improving judicial effectiveness and promoting judicial justice in a way predicated on protecting the fundamental rights of legal actors. According to quantitative analysis based on trials in which the defendant entered a plea of guilty, there is still plenty of room to optimize the resource allocation mechanism in the field of criminal justice. Implementing the summary procedure confirmed in the 2012 Criminal Procedure Law requires that the judicial organs guarantee defendants who have pleaded guilty the right to a lawyer. It also requires the improvement of judicial efficiency at the stages of investigation, bringing a case, and trial. Only by doing so can we scientifically allocate criminal justice resources overall and effectively promote judicial justice.
基金a phased result of the general project of“Research on the Human Rights Protection of Victims in Leniency Cases Involving Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishment”(Project No.:CSHRS2020-16YB)under the Ministry-level research program of the China Society for Human Rights Studies(CSHRS)in 2020
文摘In the context of the more frequent application of the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the connotations of the rules on victim involvement should be enriched in the 2018 Criminal Procedure Law.Victims deeply influenced by the concept of cooperative justice will also have an intention to cooperate,thus resulting in a rationale for victims’cooperation.Victims’cooperation features a subjectivity of interactivity,understanding,and constraint.This kind of cooperation faces the accused,the procuratorial organ,and the court.The jurisprudential function of the rationale for cooperation of victims is embodied in such aspects as recognizing the victims as eligible subjects,enhancing the legal force of the recognizance in a case of pleading guilty and accepting punishment,and consolidating the legitimate basis for victim to obtain legal assistance.Oriented to protecting right of action of the victim,understanding and developing the rationale for the cooperation of the victim can start by reaching a judicial consensus on the"two limits"principle,optimizing the right of action system for victims,achieving the interconnection of multi-level litigation systems,and improving the rules on lenient punishment to enrich the plan for protecting victims’right of action in cases of pleading guilty and accepting punishment.
