This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm...This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm level. Standard microeconomic tools are employed to assess the effects of inter-firm dissimilarities in both demand and supply on firms＇ responses to changes in trade policy. In this set-up, dissimilarities in firm characteristics play roles similar to factor endowments and technology differences in traditional trade models. When cross-border production sharing （＂fragmentation＂） is introduced into this framework, those differences in firm characteristics determine the degree to which individual firms will enter into production networks. In this context, horizontal and vertical intra-industry tradel elements interact in their effects on firm decisions. Traditional comparative advantage considerations still govern the choice of off-shored activities, while direct competition between imports and exports expands the range of possible outcomes. Finally, it is shown that cross-border production sharing reduces the sensitivity of firms to variations in exchange rates, matching a phenomenon that has been observed in traditional country-level models.展开更多
全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)作为组织当今国际产业转移的主要方式,已经对全球经济的微观基础产生了根本性的影响。本文对GVC模式的产业转移从学理上进行了界定,阐述了给全球化带来的四个特征性事实;在从要素特征、竞争优势、技...全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)作为组织当今国际产业转移的主要方式,已经对全球经济的微观基础产生了根本性的影响。本文对GVC模式的产业转移从学理上进行了界定,阐述了给全球化带来的四个特征性事实;在从要素特征、竞争优势、技术进步、市场环境和国家战略等方面分析了GVC模式的产业转移的驱动力量后,指出由GVC来主导产业转移所形成的国际分工体系,是国际技术前沿的实施机制;进一步,本文探究了GVC模式的产业转移对发展中国家产业升级的影响;本文最后指出,将GVC模式的产业转移内涵的竞争方式,与自身的国情和优势相结合来发展国内价值链,应该是中国实现产业升级和缩小地区差距的一条新思路。展开更多
文摘This paper examines global value chains at the level of the heterogeneous firm. The context is a world of horizontal intra-industry trade, characterized by imperfect competition and product differentiation at the firm level. Standard microeconomic tools are employed to assess the effects of inter-firm dissimilarities in both demand and supply on firms＇ responses to changes in trade policy. In this set-up, dissimilarities in firm characteristics play roles similar to factor endowments and technology differences in traditional trade models. When cross-border production sharing （＂fragmentation＂） is introduced into this framework, those differences in firm characteristics determine the degree to which individual firms will enter into production networks. In this context, horizontal and vertical intra-industry tradel elements interact in their effects on firm decisions. Traditional comparative advantage considerations still govern the choice of off-shored activities, while direct competition between imports and exports expands the range of possible outcomes. Finally, it is shown that cross-border production sharing reduces the sensitivity of firms to variations in exchange rates, matching a phenomenon that has been observed in traditional country-level models.
文摘全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)作为组织当今国际产业转移的主要方式,已经对全球经济的微观基础产生了根本性的影响。本文对GVC模式的产业转移从学理上进行了界定,阐述了给全球化带来的四个特征性事实;在从要素特征、竞争优势、技术进步、市场环境和国家战略等方面分析了GVC模式的产业转移的驱动力量后,指出由GVC来主导产业转移所形成的国际分工体系,是国际技术前沿的实施机制;进一步,本文探究了GVC模式的产业转移对发展中国家产业升级的影响;本文最后指出,将GVC模式的产业转移内涵的竞争方式,与自身的国情和优势相结合来发展国内价值链,应该是中国实现产业升级和缩小地区差距的一条新思路。
