In order to improve the performance degradation prediction accuracy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),a fusion prediction method(CKDG)based on adaptive noise complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition(C...In order to improve the performance degradation prediction accuracy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),a fusion prediction method(CKDG)based on adaptive noise complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition(CEEMDAN),kernel principal component analysis(KPCA)and dual attention mechanism gated recurrent unit neural network(DA-GRU)was proposed.CEEMDAN and KPCA were used to extract the input feature data sequence,reduce the influence of random factors,and capture essential feature components to reduce the model complexity.The DA-GRU network helps to learn the feature mapping relationship of data in long time series and predict the changing trend of performance degradation data more accurately.The actual aging experimental data verify the performance of the CKDG method.The results show that under the steady-state condition of 20%training data prediction,the CKDA method can reduce the root mean square error(RMSE)by 52.7%and 34.6%,respectively,compared with the traditional LSTM and GRU neural networks.Compared with the simple DA-GRU network,RMSE is reduced by 15%,and the degree of over-fitting is reduced,which has higher accuracy.It also shows excellent prediction performance under the dynamic condition data set and has good universality.展开更多
燃料电池电动汽车FCEV(Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle)是汽车工业可持续发展的主要方向之一。本文重点介绍现代燃料电池电动汽车的燃料、质子交换膜燃料电池,燃料电池发动机和燃料电池电动汽车的结构和原理等,阐述我国自行开发的燃料电池...燃料电池电动汽车FCEV(Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle)是汽车工业可持续发展的主要方向之一。本文重点介绍现代燃料电池电动汽车的燃料、质子交换膜燃料电池,燃料电池发动机和燃料电池电动汽车的结构和原理等,阐述我国自行开发的燃料电池电动汽车和国外新一代燃料电池电动汽车。展开更多
Fuel cell vehicles(FCVs)are facing severe heat dissipation challenges because fuel cell stacks are required to operate at a narrower temperature range and higher heat dissipation than those in the internal combustion ...Fuel cell vehicles(FCVs)are facing severe heat dissipation challenges because fuel cell stacks are required to operate at a narrower temperature range and higher heat dissipation than those in the internal combustion engine.This study conducts a numerical analysis of a tube-strip heat exchanger applied in a high-performance FCV.The typical unit cell of the tube-strip heat exchanger is selected to numerically optimize the cell-level thermal performance of the heat exchanger.Effects of structural parameters and operational conditions are investigated.The optimal structure is obtained by focusing on the heat transfer rate and fan power at the air side,where the overall heat transfer rate of heat exchanger is determined by the effectiveness number of transfer unit method and the theoretical framework of volume averaging.The results show that the heat exchanger with rectangular fins exhibits a greater heat transfer rate than those with trapezoidal and triangular fins at an inlet air velocity of 4 m/s.Compared with the fin without a louver,the heat exchangers equipped with louvers parallel and vertical with the air flow achieve heat transfer rates of 33.1 and 42.8 kW,respectively,which increase by 2.0 kW(6.4%)and 11.7 kW(37.5%)in heat transfer rate.For high-power heat dissipation,the louvered heat exchanger with a fin pitch of 2 mm shows the best thermal performance given the same fan power.展开更多
In this paper a system combining a diesel reformer using catalytic partial oxidation （CPOX） with the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell （SOFC） for Auxiliary Power Unit （APU） applications is modeled with respect to the coolin...In this paper a system combining a diesel reformer using catalytic partial oxidation （CPOX） with the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell （SOFC） for Auxiliary Power Unit （APU） applications is modeled with respect to the cooling effect provided by internal reforming of methane in anode gas channel. A model mixture consisting of 80% n-hexadecane and 20%..!-methylnaphthalin is used to simulate the commercial diesel. The modelling consists of several steps. First, equilibrium gas composition at the exit of CPOX reformer is modelled in terms oxygen to car- bon （O/C） ratio, fuel utilization ratio and anode gas recirculation. Second, product composition, especially methane content, is determined for the me.th.an, ation process at the operating temperatures ra：ng!ng from 500 ℃to 520 ℃.Finally, the cooling power provided by internal reforming of methane in SOFC fuel channel is calculated for two concepts to increase the methane content of the diesel reformate. The results show that the first concept, operating the diesel reformer at low O/C ratio and/or, recirculation rat!o, is not realizable due to high probability of coke formation, whereas the second concept, combining a methanation process with CPOX, can provide a significant cool- ing effect in addition to the conventional c？oling concept which needs higher levels of excess air.展开更多
The electronic control unit （ECU） in electrical powered hybrid and fuel cell vehicles is exceedingly complex. Rapid prototyping control is used to reduce development time and eliminate errors during software develop...The electronic control unit （ECU） in electrical powered hybrid and fuel cell vehicles is exceedingly complex. Rapid prototyping control is used to reduce development time and eliminate errors during software development. This paper describes a high-efficiency development method and a flexible tool chain suitable for various applications in automotive engineering. The control algorithm can be deployed directly from a Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow environment into the ECU hardware together with an OSEK real-time operating system （RTOS）. The system has been successfully used to develop a 20-kW fuel cell system ECU based on a Motorola PowerPC 555 （MPC555） microcontroller. The total software development time is greatly reduced and the code quality and reliability are greatly enhanced.展开更多
基金funded by Shaanxi Province Key Industrial Chain Project(2023-ZDLGY-24)Industrialization Project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(21JC018)+1 种基金Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Program(2021ZDLGY13-02)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials(2022-Z01).
文摘In order to improve the performance degradation prediction accuracy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),a fusion prediction method(CKDG)based on adaptive noise complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition(CEEMDAN),kernel principal component analysis(KPCA)and dual attention mechanism gated recurrent unit neural network(DA-GRU)was proposed.CEEMDAN and KPCA were used to extract the input feature data sequence,reduce the influence of random factors,and capture essential feature components to reduce the model complexity.The DA-GRU network helps to learn the feature mapping relationship of data in long time series and predict the changing trend of performance degradation data more accurately.The actual aging experimental data verify the performance of the CKDG method.The results show that under the steady-state condition of 20%training data prediction,the CKDA method can reduce the root mean square error(RMSE)by 52.7%and 34.6%,respectively,compared with the traditional LSTM and GRU neural networks.Compared with the simple DA-GRU network,RMSE is reduced by 15%,and the degree of over-fitting is reduced,which has higher accuracy.It also shows excellent prediction performance under the dynamic condition data set and has good universality.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(51876113)project is acknowledged.
文摘Fuel cell vehicles(FCVs)are facing severe heat dissipation challenges because fuel cell stacks are required to operate at a narrower temperature range and higher heat dissipation than those in the internal combustion engine.This study conducts a numerical analysis of a tube-strip heat exchanger applied in a high-performance FCV.The typical unit cell of the tube-strip heat exchanger is selected to numerically optimize the cell-level thermal performance of the heat exchanger.Effects of structural parameters and operational conditions are investigated.The optimal structure is obtained by focusing on the heat transfer rate and fan power at the air side,where the overall heat transfer rate of heat exchanger is determined by the effectiveness number of transfer unit method and the theoretical framework of volume averaging.The results show that the heat exchanger with rectangular fins exhibits a greater heat transfer rate than those with trapezoidal and triangular fins at an inlet air velocity of 4 m/s.Compared with the fin without a louver,the heat exchangers equipped with louvers parallel and vertical with the air flow achieve heat transfer rates of 33.1 and 42.8 kW,respectively,which increase by 2.0 kW(6.4%)and 11.7 kW(37.5%)in heat transfer rate.For high-power heat dissipation,the louvered heat exchanger with a fin pitch of 2 mm shows the best thermal performance given the same fan power.
基金Supported by the Ministry of the Environment, Climate Protection and the Energy Sector, Baden-Wuettermberg
文摘In this paper a system combining a diesel reformer using catalytic partial oxidation （CPOX） with the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell （SOFC） for Auxiliary Power Unit （APU） applications is modeled with respect to the cooling effect provided by internal reforming of methane in anode gas channel. A model mixture consisting of 80% n-hexadecane and 20%..!-methylnaphthalin is used to simulate the commercial diesel. The modelling consists of several steps. First, equilibrium gas composition at the exit of CPOX reformer is modelled in terms oxygen to car- bon （O/C） ratio, fuel utilization ratio and anode gas recirculation. Second, product composition, especially methane content, is determined for the me.th.an, ation process at the operating temperatures ra：ng!ng from 500 ℃to 520 ℃.Finally, the cooling power provided by internal reforming of methane in SOFC fuel channel is calculated for two concepts to increase the methane content of the diesel reformate. The results show that the first concept, operating the diesel reformer at low O/C ratio and/or, recirculation rat!o, is not realizable due to high probability of coke formation, whereas the second concept, combining a methanation process with CPOX, can provide a significant cool- ing effect in addition to the conventional c？oling concept which needs higher levels of excess air.
基金Supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2003AA)
文摘The electronic control unit （ECU） in electrical powered hybrid and fuel cell vehicles is exceedingly complex. Rapid prototyping control is used to reduce development time and eliminate errors during software development. This paper describes a high-efficiency development method and a flexible tool chain suitable for various applications in automotive engineering. The control algorithm can be deployed directly from a Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow environment into the ECU hardware together with an OSEK real-time operating system （RTOS）. The system has been successfully used to develop a 20-kW fuel cell system ECU based on a Motorola PowerPC 555 （MPC555） microcontroller. The total software development time is greatly reduced and the code quality and reliability are greatly enhanced.
