Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memor...Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.展开更多
目的基于近红外光谱成像(near-infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)技术,探索精神分裂症患者言语流畅性任务下的脑激活情况是否会随着治疗进程发生改变,分析NIRS是否具有评估患者精神症状改善程度的价值。方法纳入53例精神分裂症患者和55名健...目的基于近红外光谱成像(near-infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)技术,探索精神分裂症患者言语流畅性任务下的脑激活情况是否会随着治疗进程发生改变,分析NIRS是否具有评估患者精神症状改善程度的价值。方法纳入53例精神分裂症患者和55名健康对照。入组时使用NIRS检测所有被试言语流畅性任务期间额颞叶9个感兴趣区域(region of interest,ROI)的氧合血红蛋白(oxygenated hemoglobin,oxy-Hb)变化情况,使用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative symptom scale,PANSS)评估患者症状的严重程度。患者以单一非典型抗精神病药物治疗,4周后对患者再次进行PANSS评定和NIRS检测。结果入组时,与基线值相比,患者组9个ROI均未激活(P>0.05,FDR校正),对照组均激活(P<0.05,FDR校正),患者组ROI的oxy-Hb变化值均低于对照组(P<0.05,FDR校正)。4周后患者组PANSS总分、各分量表评分均较入组时下降(P<0.05),有6个ROI激活(P<0.05,FDR校正),其中左腹外侧前额叶及左侧颞上皮质的oxy-Hb变化值较入组时提高(P<0.05,FDR校正)。未发现PANSS评分与oxy-Hb变化值间存在统计学相关性(P>0.05,FDR校正)。结论治疗4周后精神分裂症患者额颞叶激活情况有所改善,但NIRS尚不能用于患者精神症状改善情况的客观评估,需要更加深入的研究。展开更多
It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this ...It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this study, we studied 22 Chinese subjects whose L2 was English and measured the cerebral blood oxygenation in their frontal lobe by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） as par- ticipants engaged in a mental arithmetic task （MAT） and verbal fluency tasks （VFTs） in L1 （Chinese） and L2 （English）. To examine the activated cortical areas, we estimated the channel location based on Montreal Neurological Institute （MNI） standard brain space by using a-probabilistic estimation method. We evaluated heart rate （HR） changes to analyze autonomic nervous system （ANS） functioning. We found that the MAT and VFTs induced greater increases in HR than did the control （Ctrl） task. Further- more, subjects developed greater increases in HR in the MAT and VFTt~ than they did in the VFTL1. Compared with the Ctrl task, the MAT and both VFTLland VFTL2 produced robust and widespread bi- lateral activation of the frontal cortex. Interestingly, partial correlation analysis indicated that the activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus （LIFG） [Brodmarm＇s area （BA） 47] was consistently correlated with the increases in HR across the three tasks （MAT, VFTL2, and VFTL1）, after controlling for the performance data. The present results suggested that a VFT in L2 may be more stressful than in L1. The LIFG may affect the activation of the sympathetic system induced by stressful tasks, includin~ MATs and VFTs.展开更多
目的 探讨抑郁症言语流畅性任务（Verbal Fluency Task,VFT）及伦敦塔任务（Tower of London Test,TOL）下脑激活与抑郁的关系.方法 应用近红外光谱成像技术（near-infrared spectroscopy,NIRS）监测35例抑郁症患者（抑郁症组）和年龄...目的 探讨抑郁症言语流畅性任务（Verbal Fluency Task,VFT）及伦敦塔任务（Tower of London Test,TOL）下脑激活与抑郁的关系.方法 应用近红外光谱成像技术（near-infrared spectroscopy,NIRS）监测35例抑郁症患者（抑郁症组）和年龄、性别匹配的35名健康人（对照组）刺激任务（VFT和TOL）下前额叶皮质血红蛋白浓度的变化,采用HAMD24、HAMA、贝克抑郁自评量表（Beck Depression Inventory,BDI）评估受试者的抑郁、焦虑水平;采用独立样本t检验分析抑郁症组和对照组刺激任务下前额叶感兴趣区的平均氧合血红蛋白浓度变化,并采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析法分析抑郁症组刺激任务下前额叶感兴趣区平均氧合血红蛋白浓度变化与HAMD、HAMA、BDI评分的相关性.结果（1）抑郁症组VFT和TOL下前额叶背外侧及腹外侧感兴趣区的平均氧合血红蛋白浓度变化低于对照组[（0.18±0.19）mmol·mm比（0.29±0.22）mmol·mm,（-0.01±0.16）mmol·mm比（0.08±0.14）mmol·mm],差异有统计学意义（t=-2.195,P=0.032;t=-2.448,P=0.017）;（2）抑郁症组TOL下额极前额叶感兴趣区的平均氧合血红蛋白浓度变化与HAMD及BDI评分呈负相关（rho=-0.354,P=0.037;rho=-0.495,P=0.003）,左侧前额叶背外侧及腹外侧感兴趣区的平均氧合血红蛋白浓度变化与BDI评分呈负相关（rho=-0.349,P=0.040）.结论 抑郁症患者VFT、TOL下前额叶背外侧及腹外侧皮质功能较健康对照者受损,抑郁症患者TOL下额极前额叶皮质和左侧前额叶外侧皮质的激活水平与抑郁症状的严重程度呈负相关.展开更多
目的:利用快速识别整合多元化文献证据的概况性评价方法,分析近年来有关精神分裂症言语流畅性任务功能近红外光谱研究。方法:检索PubMed、Web Of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库2014年1月-2021年6月精神分裂症言语流畅性任务的...目的:利用快速识别整合多元化文献证据的概况性评价方法,分析近年来有关精神分裂症言语流畅性任务功能近红外光谱研究。方法:检索PubMed、Web Of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库2014年1月-2021年6月精神分裂症言语流畅性任务的功能近红外光谱研究报告。依据概况性评价指南和清单制作综述。结果:纳入23篇文献。70%研究采用字母流畅性任务,5项研究探索精神分裂症生物学标记物分类方法。前额叶亚区与临床变量相关性结果不一致。结论:言语流畅任务下功能近红外光谱研究显示前额叶功能异常可能是精神分裂症的候选生物学标志物。展开更多
Prefrontal dysfunction in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) has been repeatedly detected on a behavioral level, and various brain-imaging studies have elucidated the pathophysiology of AD/...Prefrontal dysfunction in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) has been repeatedly detected on a behavioral level, and various brain-imaging studies have elucidated the pathophysiology of AD/HD. Recent advances in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled noninvasive investigations of brain function in various mental disorders, especially major depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. The objective of this preliminary study was to use NIRS to evaluate changes in frontal lobe blood flow in post childhood or adult patients with AD/HD symptoms. The subjects included five patients with a range of mental disorders and AD/HD symptoms, and a matched (age, sex, and dominant hand) control group of five healthy subjects. We compared the changes in cerebral blood flow during verbal fluency tasks between the two groups. The duration of the elevated oxygenated hemoglobin was notably shorter in the AD/HD group than that in the healthy control group. We suggest that the shorter elevation durations of oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations might be a biological indicator for post childhood or adult AD/HD or of impaired executive functioning.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30872132
文摘Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.
文摘目的基于近红外光谱成像(near-infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)技术,探索精神分裂症患者言语流畅性任务下的脑激活情况是否会随着治疗进程发生改变,分析NIRS是否具有评估患者精神症状改善程度的价值。方法纳入53例精神分裂症患者和55名健康对照。入组时使用NIRS检测所有被试言语流畅性任务期间额颞叶9个感兴趣区域(region of interest,ROI)的氧合血红蛋白(oxygenated hemoglobin,oxy-Hb)变化情况,使用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative symptom scale,PANSS)评估患者症状的严重程度。患者以单一非典型抗精神病药物治疗,4周后对患者再次进行PANSS评定和NIRS检测。结果入组时,与基线值相比,患者组9个ROI均未激活(P>0.05,FDR校正),对照组均激活(P<0.05,FDR校正),患者组ROI的oxy-Hb变化值均低于对照组(P<0.05,FDR校正)。4周后患者组PANSS总分、各分量表评分均较入组时下降(P<0.05),有6个ROI激活(P<0.05,FDR校正),其中左腹外侧前额叶及左侧颞上皮质的oxy-Hb变化值较入组时提高(P<0.05,FDR校正)。未发现PANSS评分与oxy-Hb变化值间存在统计学相关性(P>0.05,FDR校正)。结论治疗4周后精神分裂症患者额颞叶激活情况有所改善,但NIRS尚不能用于患者精神症状改善情况的客观评估,需要更加深入的研究。
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program,No.2012AA020905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81171143)+1 种基金the Project of International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81161160570)the Zhou Dafu Medical Research Fund(No.202836019-03)
文摘It remains unclear whether language tasks in one＇s first （L1） or second （L2） language can cause stress responses and whether frontal, autonomic and behavioral responses to stressful tasks are correlated. In this study, we studied 22 Chinese subjects whose L2 was English and measured the cerebral blood oxygenation in their frontal lobe by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） as par- ticipants engaged in a mental arithmetic task （MAT） and verbal fluency tasks （VFTs） in L1 （Chinese） and L2 （English）. To examine the activated cortical areas, we estimated the channel location based on Montreal Neurological Institute （MNI） standard brain space by using a-probabilistic estimation method. We evaluated heart rate （HR） changes to analyze autonomic nervous system （ANS） functioning. We found that the MAT and VFTs induced greater increases in HR than did the control （Ctrl） task. Further- more, subjects developed greater increases in HR in the MAT and VFTt~ than they did in the VFTL1. Compared with the Ctrl task, the MAT and both VFTLland VFTL2 produced robust and widespread bi- lateral activation of the frontal cortex. Interestingly, partial correlation analysis indicated that the activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus （LIFG） [Brodmarm＇s area （BA） 47] was consistently correlated with the increases in HR across the three tasks （MAT, VFTL2, and VFTL1）, after controlling for the performance data. The present results suggested that a VFT in L2 may be more stressful than in L1. The LIFG may affect the activation of the sympathetic system induced by stressful tasks, includin~ MATs and VFTs.
文摘目的:利用快速识别整合多元化文献证据的概况性评价方法,分析近年来有关精神分裂症言语流畅性任务功能近红外光谱研究。方法:检索PubMed、Web Of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库2014年1月-2021年6月精神分裂症言语流畅性任务的功能近红外光谱研究报告。依据概况性评价指南和清单制作综述。结果:纳入23篇文献。70%研究采用字母流畅性任务,5项研究探索精神分裂症生物学标记物分类方法。前额叶亚区与临床变量相关性结果不一致。结论:言语流畅任务下功能近红外光谱研究显示前额叶功能异常可能是精神分裂症的候选生物学标志物。
文摘Prefrontal dysfunction in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) has been repeatedly detected on a behavioral level, and various brain-imaging studies have elucidated the pathophysiology of AD/HD. Recent advances in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled noninvasive investigations of brain function in various mental disorders, especially major depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. The objective of this preliminary study was to use NIRS to evaluate changes in frontal lobe blood flow in post childhood or adult patients with AD/HD symptoms. The subjects included five patients with a range of mental disorders and AD/HD symptoms, and a matched (age, sex, and dominant hand) control group of five healthy subjects. We compared the changes in cerebral blood flow during verbal fluency tasks between the two groups. The duration of the elevated oxygenated hemoglobin was notably shorter in the AD/HD group than that in the healthy control group. We suggest that the shorter elevation durations of oxygenated hemoglobin concentrations might be a biological indicator for post childhood or adult AD/HD or of impaired executive functioning.
