Avian influenza is the most contagious disease not only in poultry, but also in humans. Avian influenza in humans occurs mainly in Southeast Asia, but no human-to-human pandemic has occurred. Meanwhile, outbreaks of a...Avian influenza is the most contagious disease not only in poultry, but also in humans. Avian influenza in humans occurs mainly in Southeast Asia, but no human-to-human pandemic has occurred. Meanwhile, outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry occur on a global scale and cause a large economic loss. Migration antibodies passed from mother birds via eggs are said to be an important component of the immune system that protects birds from infection. Thus, the immunity status of mother birds can determine the ability of offspring to defend against infection. In this study, we investigated the presence of anti-avian influenza virus antibody in chickens hatched on a poultry farm in Indonesia and examined the involvement of migratory antibodies in protecting against virus infection by infectious experiments of highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens. Blood was collected from randomly selected chicks, and antibodies against avian influenza virus were evaluated in all birds. Since these young birds had no history of vaccination, the antibodies were deemed to have been transferred from the mother birds. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titer in each bird varied. Infection of these birds with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/H5N1 intra-nasally resulted in a high mortality rate in chicks with low antibody titers but a low mortality rate in chicks with high antibody titers. These findings indicate that migratory antibody prevented highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 infection in chicks, suggesting that such a preventive effect could also be expected with outdoor natural infection.展开更多
Mutation can alter the structure of viral proteins to form different structure. Carbon distribution is responsible for these changes in structure. The carbon distribution in proteins of human Influenza A virus is anal...Mutation can alter the structure of viral proteins to form different structure. Carbon distribution is responsible for these changes in structure. The carbon distribution in proteins of human Influenza A virus is analyzed here. Results reveal that the carbon contents are high in surface proteins, optimum in polymerase proteins and less in nuclear proteins. Polymerase proteins have better carbon distribution pattern than the other proteins. Thymine distribution in different frames of mRNAs are checked as it has link with carbon distribution pattern in the corresponding proteins. Results show that frame 4 is violating from thymine distribution. This is responsible for production of protein with different carbon distribution. Unusual thymine distribution in frame 3 are observed. The thymine distributions are different in viral mRNA compared to normal one. Minimizing the excess thymine in H1N1 mRNAs might improve the protein performance. Mutational study based on carbon distribution should be better exploited for further improving the protein stability, activity and ultimately for gene therapy.展开更多
文摘Avian influenza is the most contagious disease not only in poultry, but also in humans. Avian influenza in humans occurs mainly in Southeast Asia, but no human-to-human pandemic has occurred. Meanwhile, outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry occur on a global scale and cause a large economic loss. Migration antibodies passed from mother birds via eggs are said to be an important component of the immune system that protects birds from infection. Thus, the immunity status of mother birds can determine the ability of offspring to defend against infection. In this study, we investigated the presence of anti-avian influenza virus antibody in chickens hatched on a poultry farm in Indonesia and examined the involvement of migratory antibodies in protecting against virus infection by infectious experiments of highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens. Blood was collected from randomly selected chicks, and antibodies against avian influenza virus were evaluated in all birds. Since these young birds had no history of vaccination, the antibodies were deemed to have been transferred from the mother birds. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titer in each bird varied. Infection of these birds with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/H5N1 intra-nasally resulted in a high mortality rate in chicks with low antibody titers but a low mortality rate in chicks with high antibody titers. These findings indicate that migratory antibody prevented highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 infection in chicks, suggesting that such a preventive effect could also be expected with outdoor natural infection.
文摘Mutation can alter the structure of viral proteins to form different structure. Carbon distribution is responsible for these changes in structure. The carbon distribution in proteins of human Influenza A virus is analyzed here. Results reveal that the carbon contents are high in surface proteins, optimum in polymerase proteins and less in nuclear proteins. Polymerase proteins have better carbon distribution pattern than the other proteins. Thymine distribution in different frames of mRNAs are checked as it has link with carbon distribution pattern in the corresponding proteins. Results show that frame 4 is violating from thymine distribution. This is responsible for production of protein with different carbon distribution. Unusual thymine distribution in frame 3 are observed. The thymine distributions are different in viral mRNA compared to normal one. Minimizing the excess thymine in H1N1 mRNAs might improve the protein performance. Mutational study based on carbon distribution should be better exploited for further improving the protein stability, activity and ultimately for gene therapy.
