妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是发生在妊娠中、晚期的一种妊娠特有并发症,以皮肤瘙痒、胆汁酸升高和肝功能异常为主要临床表现。此妊娠并发症孕产妇预后良好,但可导致胎儿早产、羊水胎粪污染、胎...妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是发生在妊娠中、晚期的一种妊娠特有并发症,以皮肤瘙痒、胆汁酸升高和肝功能异常为主要临床表现。此妊娠并发症孕产妇预后良好,但可导致胎儿早产、羊水胎粪污染、胎儿宫内窘迫,甚至胎死宫内等严重妊娠结局。因此,研究妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症胎儿宫内缺氧的机制对围生儿预后至关重要。本文就妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症胎儿宫内缺氧机制的研究进展,综述如下。展开更多
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a leading cause of neonatal death and disability.Therapeutic hypothermia significantly reduces death and major disability associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy;ho...Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a leading cause of neonatal death and disability.Therapeutic hypothermia significantly reduces death and major disability associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy;however,many infants still experience lifelong disabilities to movement,sensation and cognition.Clinical guidelines,based on strong clinical and preclinical evidence,recommend therapeutic hypothermia should be started within 6 hours of birth and continued for a period of 72 hours,with a target brain temperature of 33.5 ±0.5℃ for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The clinical guidelines also recommend that infants be re warmed at a rate of 0.5℃ per hour,but this is not based on strong evidence.There are no randomized controlled trials investigating the optimal rate of rewarming after therapeutic hypothermia for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Preclinical studies of rewarming are conflicting and results were confounded by treatment with sub-optimal durations of hypothermia.In this review,we evaluate the evidence for the optimal start time,duration and depth of hypothermia,and whether the rate of rewarming after treatment affects brain injury and neurological outcomes.展开更多
目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇体位对彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流影响及彩色多普勒超声检测预测胎儿宫内缺氧价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声检测67例妊娠晚期孕妇仰卧位、左侧卧位及右侧卧位胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流动力学...目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇体位对彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流影响及彩色多普勒超声检测预测胎儿宫内缺氧价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声检测67例妊娠晚期孕妇仰卧位、左侧卧位及右侧卧位胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流动力学参数[收缩期峰值(PSV)、舒张期末最大血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、PSV与EDV之比(S/D)],比较各体位时参数变化,并与胎儿出生后1 min Apgar评分结果作比较,评估彩色多普勒超声检测预测胎儿宫内缺氧的价值。结果妊娠晚期孕妇不同体位时胎儿脐动脉血流动力学参数比较,仰卧位PSV、RI和PI均高于左、右侧卧位,EDV均低于左、右侧卧位,S/D高于右侧卧位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);左侧卧位EDV高于右侧卧位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。妊娠晚期孕妇不同体位时胎儿大脑中动脉血流动力学参数比较,左侧卧位RI和PI均低于右侧卧位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);仰卧位PSV、RI、PI和S/D均高于左、右侧卧位,EDV均低于左、右侧卧位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。本组新生儿出生后1 min Apgar评分8~10分者61例,4~8分者6例;仰卧位与左、右侧卧位时彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿大脑中动脉与脐动脉RI比值均>1,轻度窒息6例均未能在彩色多普勒超声检测中被预测。结论妊娠晚期孕妇不同体位对彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流动力学参数有明显影响,胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流动力学参数难以预测新生儿轻度窒息。展开更多
目的分析产时电子胎心监护(electronic fetal monitoring,EFM)Parer-五级、美国国家儿童健康与人类发展研究院(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,NICHD)-三级和国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gy...目的分析产时电子胎心监护(electronic fetal monitoring,EFM)Parer-五级、美国国家儿童健康与人类发展研究院(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,NICHD)-三级和国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)-三级评价系统评估新生儿酸中毒的有效性和观察者间一致性。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2020年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院足月单胎头位分娩酸中毒新生儿(脐动脉血pH值≤7.1)和正常新生儿(脐动脉血pH值≥7.2)产妇分娩前1 h内至少30 min的EFM图形资料,对病例的临床特征及母儿结局设盲。4名产科医生分别独立对随机排序并编码的EFM图形进行特征描述。另1名产科医生参照NICHD-、FIGO-三级和Parer-五级评价系统,根据图形特征进行分级评价。分析3种系统评估新生儿酸中毒的灵敏度和特异度,以及观察者间一致性。分别采用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验(或Fisher精确概率法)或Mann-Whitney U检验进行统计学分析。3种评价系统组间灵敏度和特异度比较采用McNemar检验。用Kappa检验分析观察者之间的一致性。结果(1)共3558例进入本研究。经倾向性评分匹配后,酸中毒组和对照组分别为44例和78例。2组产妇的产次、分娩孕周、临产方式、胎盘早剥和分娩镇痛率差异均无统计学意义。酸中毒组阴道助产率和新生儿收住重症监护病房率明显高于对照组[15.8%(7/44)与2.6%(2/78),χ^(2)=8.45,P=0.003;31.8%(14/44)与12.8%(10/78),χ^(2)=8.45,P=0.004],脐动脉血pH值和平均碱剩余低于对照组[7.04±0.07与7.30±0.05,t=4.98;(-12.40±3.32)与(-5.64±1.95)mmol/L,t=13.61;P值均<0.001]。(2)在NICHD-三级评价系统中,酸中毒和对照组分别有95.5%(42/44)和89.7%(70/78)为可疑胎儿酸碱失衡的Ⅱ类图形,酸中毒组仅4.5%(2/44)为Ⅲ类图形。在FIGO-三级评价系统中,酸中毒组81.8%(36/44)的图形为“病理图形”;Parer-五级评价系统中提示�展开更多
文摘妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是发生在妊娠中、晚期的一种妊娠特有并发症,以皮肤瘙痒、胆汁酸升高和肝功能异常为主要临床表现。此妊娠并发症孕产妇预后良好,但可导致胎儿早产、羊水胎粪污染、胎儿宫内窘迫,甚至胎死宫内等严重妊娠结局。因此,研究妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症胎儿宫内缺氧的机制对围生儿预后至关重要。本文就妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症胎儿宫内缺氧机制的研究进展,综述如下。
基金supported by The Health Research Council of New Zealand(grant No.16/003,17/601)the Marsden Fund(grant No.17-UOA232)a Sir Charles Hercus Fellowship from the Health Research Council of New Zealand(grant No.16/003)
文摘Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a leading cause of neonatal death and disability.Therapeutic hypothermia significantly reduces death and major disability associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy;however,many infants still experience lifelong disabilities to movement,sensation and cognition.Clinical guidelines,based on strong clinical and preclinical evidence,recommend therapeutic hypothermia should be started within 6 hours of birth and continued for a period of 72 hours,with a target brain temperature of 33.5 ±0.5℃ for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The clinical guidelines also recommend that infants be re warmed at a rate of 0.5℃ per hour,but this is not based on strong evidence.There are no randomized controlled trials investigating the optimal rate of rewarming after therapeutic hypothermia for infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Preclinical studies of rewarming are conflicting and results were confounded by treatment with sub-optimal durations of hypothermia.In this review,we evaluate the evidence for the optimal start time,duration and depth of hypothermia,and whether the rate of rewarming after treatment affects brain injury and neurological outcomes.
文摘目的探讨妊娠晚期孕妇体位对彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流影响及彩色多普勒超声检测预测胎儿宫内缺氧价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声检测67例妊娠晚期孕妇仰卧位、左侧卧位及右侧卧位胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流动力学参数[收缩期峰值(PSV)、舒张期末最大血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、PSV与EDV之比(S/D)],比较各体位时参数变化,并与胎儿出生后1 min Apgar评分结果作比较,评估彩色多普勒超声检测预测胎儿宫内缺氧的价值。结果妊娠晚期孕妇不同体位时胎儿脐动脉血流动力学参数比较,仰卧位PSV、RI和PI均高于左、右侧卧位,EDV均低于左、右侧卧位,S/D高于右侧卧位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);左侧卧位EDV高于右侧卧位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。妊娠晚期孕妇不同体位时胎儿大脑中动脉血流动力学参数比较,左侧卧位RI和PI均低于右侧卧位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);仰卧位PSV、RI、PI和S/D均高于左、右侧卧位,EDV均低于左、右侧卧位,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。本组新生儿出生后1 min Apgar评分8~10分者61例,4~8分者6例;仰卧位与左、右侧卧位时彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿大脑中动脉与脐动脉RI比值均>1,轻度窒息6例均未能在彩色多普勒超声检测中被预测。结论妊娠晚期孕妇不同体位对彩色多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流动力学参数有明显影响,胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流动力学参数难以预测新生儿轻度窒息。
文摘目的分析产时电子胎心监护(electronic fetal monitoring,EFM)Parer-五级、美国国家儿童健康与人类发展研究院(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,NICHD)-三级和国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)-三级评价系统评估新生儿酸中毒的有效性和观察者间一致性。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2020年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院足月单胎头位分娩酸中毒新生儿(脐动脉血pH值≤7.1)和正常新生儿(脐动脉血pH值≥7.2)产妇分娩前1 h内至少30 min的EFM图形资料,对病例的临床特征及母儿结局设盲。4名产科医生分别独立对随机排序并编码的EFM图形进行特征描述。另1名产科医生参照NICHD-、FIGO-三级和Parer-五级评价系统,根据图形特征进行分级评价。分析3种系统评估新生儿酸中毒的灵敏度和特异度,以及观察者间一致性。分别采用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验(或Fisher精确概率法)或Mann-Whitney U检验进行统计学分析。3种评价系统组间灵敏度和特异度比较采用McNemar检验。用Kappa检验分析观察者之间的一致性。结果(1)共3558例进入本研究。经倾向性评分匹配后,酸中毒组和对照组分别为44例和78例。2组产妇的产次、分娩孕周、临产方式、胎盘早剥和分娩镇痛率差异均无统计学意义。酸中毒组阴道助产率和新生儿收住重症监护病房率明显高于对照组[15.8%(7/44)与2.6%(2/78),χ^(2)=8.45,P=0.003;31.8%(14/44)与12.8%(10/78),χ^(2)=8.45,P=0.004],脐动脉血pH值和平均碱剩余低于对照组[7.04±0.07与7.30±0.05,t=4.98;(-12.40±3.32)与(-5.64±1.95)mmol/L,t=13.61;P值均<0.001]。(2)在NICHD-三级评价系统中,酸中毒和对照组分别有95.5%(42/44)和89.7%(70/78)为可疑胎儿酸碱失衡的Ⅱ类图形,酸中毒组仅4.5%(2/44)为Ⅲ类图形。在FIGO-三级评价系统中,酸中毒组81.8%(36/44)的图形为“病理图形”;Parer-五级评价系统中提示�
