疲乏已经成为困扰肿瘤患者的最常见症状，癌因性疲乏（cancer—related fatigue，CRF）对肿瘤患者的自我照护能力、功能状态和生活质量有极大的负面影响。尽管美国国家综合癌症网络（National Comprehensive Cancer Network，NCCN）提...疲乏已经成为困扰肿瘤患者的最常见症状，癌因性疲乏（cancer—related fatigue，CRF）对肿瘤患者的自我照护能力、功能状态和生活质量有极大的负面影响。尽管美国国家综合癌症网络（National Comprehensive Cancer Network，NCCN）提出了以循证实践为基础的CRF评估和治疗指南，CRF在很多肿瘤临床治疗环境中仍然没有得到常规评估和处理。展开更多
As is known, widespread fatigue damage （WFD） is a common phenomenon of aging aircraft being a negative impact on safety and reliability. The current FAR 25. 571 （b） requires that ＂An LOV （ Limit of Validi- ty） ...As is known, widespread fatigue damage （WFD） is a common phenomenon of aging aircraft being a negative impact on safety and reliability. The current FAR 25. 571 （b） requires that ＂An LOV （ Limit of Validi- ty） must be established, during which it is demonstrated that widespread fatigue damage will not occur in the air- craft structures＂. The FAA issued AC 91-82A in August 2011 providing guidance on developing and implemen- ting a Fatigue Management Program （FMP） system to address in-service issues for metallic fatigue critical struc- tures. This action brings new challenges to aircraft manufacturers in China. This paper introduces the problem of widespread fatigue damage including the MSD（ multiple site damage） and MED（ multiple element damage） and the differences between them and the steps to establish the LOV/ELOV（ Extended limit of validity）. Authors in this paper is also proposing some management indicators to control WFD during the design phase and mainte- nance. Developing and implementing the management indicators to address WFD which are involved in the FMP system may provide guidance on the estimation and management to address WFD for present and future aircraft. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to provide the theoretical basis for large civil aircraft design and airwor- thiness.展开更多
文摘疲乏已经成为困扰肿瘤患者的最常见症状，癌因性疲乏（cancer—related fatigue，CRF）对肿瘤患者的自我照护能力、功能状态和生活质量有极大的负面影响。尽管美国国家综合癌症网络（National Comprehensive Cancer Network，NCCN）提出了以循证实践为基础的CRF评估和治疗指南，CRF在很多肿瘤临床治疗环境中仍然没有得到常规评估和处理。
文摘As is known, widespread fatigue damage （WFD） is a common phenomenon of aging aircraft being a negative impact on safety and reliability. The current FAR 25. 571 （b） requires that ＂An LOV （ Limit of Validi- ty） must be established, during which it is demonstrated that widespread fatigue damage will not occur in the air- craft structures＂. The FAA issued AC 91-82A in August 2011 providing guidance on developing and implemen- ting a Fatigue Management Program （FMP） system to address in-service issues for metallic fatigue critical struc- tures. This action brings new challenges to aircraft manufacturers in China. This paper introduces the problem of widespread fatigue damage including the MSD（ multiple site damage） and MED（ multiple element damage） and the differences between them and the steps to establish the LOV/ELOV（ Extended limit of validity）. Authors in this paper is also proposing some management indicators to control WFD during the design phase and mainte- nance. Developing and implementing the management indicators to address WFD which are involved in the FMP system may provide guidance on the estimation and management to address WFD for present and future aircraft. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to provide the theoretical basis for large civil aircraft design and airwor- thiness.
