How to solve the hypersonic aerothermodynamics around large-scale uncontrolled spacecraft during falling disintegrated process from outer space to earth,is the key to resolve the problems of the uncontrolled Tiangong-...How to solve the hypersonic aerothermodynamics around large-scale uncontrolled spacecraft during falling disintegrated process from outer space to earth,is the key to resolve the problems of the uncontrolled Tiangong-No.1 spacecraft reentry crash.To study aerodynamics of spacecraft reentry covering various flow regimes,a Gas-Kinetic Unified Algorithm(GKUA)has been presented by computable modeling of the collision integral of the Boltzmann equation over tens of years.On this basis,the rotational and vibrational energy modes are considered as the independent variables of the gas molecular velocity distribution function,a kind of Boltzmann model equation involving in internal energy excitation is presented by decomposing the collision term of the Boltzmann equation into elastic and inelastic collision terms.Then,the gas-kinetic numerical scheme is constructed to capture the time evolution of the discretized velocity distribution functions by developing the discrete velocity ordinate method and numerical quadrature technique.The unified algorithm of the Boltzmann model equation involving thermodynamics non-equilibrium effect is presented for the whole range of flow regimes.The gas-kinetic massive parallel computing strategy is developed to solve the hypersonic aerothermodynamics with the processor cores 500~45,000 at least 80%parallel efficiency.To validate the accuracy of the GKUA,the hypersonic flows are simulated including the reentry Tiangong-1 spacecraft shape with the wide range of Knudsen numbers of 220~0.00005 by the comparison of the related results from the DSMC and N-S coupled methods,and the low-density tunnel experiment etc.For uncontrolling spacecraft falling problem,the finite-element algorithm for dynamic thermalforce coupling response is presented,and the unified simulation of the thermal structural response and the hypersonic flow field is tested on the Tiangong-1 shape under reentry aerodynamic environment.Then,the forecasting analysis platform of end-of-life largescale spacecraft flying track i展开更多
为深入研究聚酰亚胺(polyimide,PI)固体绝缘材料在电场作用下的破坏机理,采用ReaxFF(reactive force field)反应分子动力学方法,计算模拟Kapton型聚酰亚胺模型在电场作用下的破坏过程,从原子层面分析了其化学键的断裂/生成过程、特征产...为深入研究聚酰亚胺(polyimide,PI)固体绝缘材料在电场作用下的破坏机理,采用ReaxFF(reactive force field)反应分子动力学方法,计算模拟Kapton型聚酰亚胺模型在电场作用下的破坏过程,从原子层面分析了其化学键的断裂/生成过程、特征产物的生成机理,并从原子内电荷结构的角度揭示了电场作用对化学键断裂的影响。对聚酰亚胺模拟体系外加强度分别为4、4.5、5、5.5、6×10^(-3)V/nm电场,结果表明:电场强度影响分子裂解的速度和反应的平衡状态,在电场的作用下部分化学键最终断裂,游离出大量元素单体;酰亚胺环中的C-N键是聚酰亚胺分子裂解的初始反应,电场作用下苯环断裂与裂解主要特征产物C2H2的生成有关;构成酰亚胺环中的C-N极性键的二原子在电场作用下电荷结构发生变化,产生强转矩,导致极性键断裂。电场环境下绝缘材料聚酰亚胺分子链的裂解是电气设备固体绝缘失效的主要原因。展开更多
基金The National Key Basic Research and Development Program(2014CB744100)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91530319 and 11325212)support the present researches in the design of the study and collection,analysis,and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.
文摘How to solve the hypersonic aerothermodynamics around large-scale uncontrolled spacecraft during falling disintegrated process from outer space to earth,is the key to resolve the problems of the uncontrolled Tiangong-No.1 spacecraft reentry crash.To study aerodynamics of spacecraft reentry covering various flow regimes,a Gas-Kinetic Unified Algorithm(GKUA)has been presented by computable modeling of the collision integral of the Boltzmann equation over tens of years.On this basis,the rotational and vibrational energy modes are considered as the independent variables of the gas molecular velocity distribution function,a kind of Boltzmann model equation involving in internal energy excitation is presented by decomposing the collision term of the Boltzmann equation into elastic and inelastic collision terms.Then,the gas-kinetic numerical scheme is constructed to capture the time evolution of the discretized velocity distribution functions by developing the discrete velocity ordinate method and numerical quadrature technique.The unified algorithm of the Boltzmann model equation involving thermodynamics non-equilibrium effect is presented for the whole range of flow regimes.The gas-kinetic massive parallel computing strategy is developed to solve the hypersonic aerothermodynamics with the processor cores 500~45,000 at least 80%parallel efficiency.To validate the accuracy of the GKUA,the hypersonic flows are simulated including the reentry Tiangong-1 spacecraft shape with the wide range of Knudsen numbers of 220~0.00005 by the comparison of the related results from the DSMC and N-S coupled methods,and the low-density tunnel experiment etc.For uncontrolling spacecraft falling problem,the finite-element algorithm for dynamic thermalforce coupling response is presented,and the unified simulation of the thermal structural response and the hypersonic flow field is tested on the Tiangong-1 shape under reentry aerodynamic environment.Then,the forecasting analysis platform of end-of-life largescale spacecraft flying track i
文摘为深入研究聚酰亚胺(polyimide,PI)固体绝缘材料在电场作用下的破坏机理,采用ReaxFF(reactive force field)反应分子动力学方法,计算模拟Kapton型聚酰亚胺模型在电场作用下的破坏过程,从原子层面分析了其化学键的断裂/生成过程、特征产物的生成机理,并从原子内电荷结构的角度揭示了电场作用对化学键断裂的影响。对聚酰亚胺模拟体系外加强度分别为4、4.5、5、5.5、6×10^(-3)V/nm电场,结果表明:电场强度影响分子裂解的速度和反应的平衡状态,在电场的作用下部分化学键最终断裂,游离出大量元素单体;酰亚胺环中的C-N键是聚酰亚胺分子裂解的初始反应,电场作用下苯环断裂与裂解主要特征产物C2H2的生成有关;构成酰亚胺环中的C-N极性键的二原子在电场作用下电荷结构发生变化,产生强转矩,导致极性键断裂。电场环境下绝缘材料聚酰亚胺分子链的裂解是电气设备固体绝缘失效的主要原因。
