Common bean production in Africa suffers from different constrains. The main damage is caused by insect pest infestations in the field. The most common insects pests which attack common bean in the field are the bean ...Common bean production in Africa suffers from different constrains. The main damage is caused by insect pest infestations in the field. The most common insects pests which attack common bean in the field are the bean stem maggot (Ophiomyia phaseoli), ootheca (Ootheca bennigseni) and aphids (Aphis fabae). Currently, few farmers in Africa are using commercial pesticides for the control of these insect pests. Due to the negative side effects of commercial pesticides to human health and the environment, there is a need for developing and recommending alternative methods such as those involving agronomic and botanical/biological measures in controlling common bean insect pests. This review aim to report the most common insects pests which attack common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field and explore the potential of agronomic, biological and botanical methods as a low-cost, safe and environmentally friendly means of controlling insect pests in legumes.展开更多
In the traditional views on developmental biology, the process of a mammal from a zygote to. an adult individual follows continuous changes of space and time environments and is the result of different expressions of ...In the traditional views on developmental biology, the process of a mammal from a zygote to. an adult individual follows continuous changes of space and time environments and is the result of different expressions of target genes. It has long been known that this process is irreversible and the terminal differentiated adult cells, such as cardiac myocytes and neurons, will not divide and differentiate. But recent reports on the two hottest fields - cloning medicine and stem cell biology doubted these concepts. This may lead to a further understanding of the potentiality of mammal development and may provide great chances for commercial and clinical practice.展开更多
文摘Common bean production in Africa suffers from different constrains. The main damage is caused by insect pest infestations in the field. The most common insects pests which attack common bean in the field are the bean stem maggot (Ophiomyia phaseoli), ootheca (Ootheca bennigseni) and aphids (Aphis fabae). Currently, few farmers in Africa are using commercial pesticides for the control of these insect pests. Due to the negative side effects of commercial pesticides to human health and the environment, there is a need for developing and recommending alternative methods such as those involving agronomic and botanical/biological measures in controlling common bean insect pests. This review aim to report the most common insects pests which attack common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field and explore the potential of agronomic, biological and botanical methods as a low-cost, safe and environmentally friendly means of controlling insect pests in legumes.
基金This work was supported by the "973" Project (Grant No. G1999054205).
文摘In the traditional views on developmental biology, the process of a mammal from a zygote to. an adult individual follows continuous changes of space and time environments and is the result of different expressions of target genes. It has long been known that this process is irreversible and the terminal differentiated adult cells, such as cardiac myocytes and neurons, will not divide and differentiate. But recent reports on the two hottest fields - cloning medicine and stem cell biology doubted these concepts. This may lead to a further understanding of the potentiality of mammal development and may provide great chances for commercial and clinical practice.
