Three polysaccharides （EW, EH and EA） were prepared from a red alga Eucheuma denticulatum by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water and sodium hydroxide water solution. Their monosaccharide compositions, r...Three polysaccharides （EW, EH and EA） were prepared from a red alga Eucheuma denticulatum by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water and sodium hydroxide water solution. Their monosaccharide compositions, relative molecular mass and structural characterization were determined by gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods. EW was hybrid l/k/v-carrageenan （701/17k/13v-car- rabiose）, EH was mainly t-carrageenan, and EA was mainly α-1,4-Glucan （88%） but mixed with small amount of t-carrageenan （12%）. The relative molecular mass ofEW, EH and EA was 480, 580 and 510kDa, respectively. The anti-influenza A （H1N1） virus activity of these three polysaccharides was evaluated using the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells model. EW showed good anti-H1N1 virus activity, its ICso was 276.5 μg mL-1, and the inhibition rate to H1N1 virus was 52% when its concentration was 250 μgmL-1. The ICs0 of t-carrageenan EH was 366.4 μgmL1, whereas EA showed lower anti-H1N1 virus activity （IC50〉430μgmL-1）. Available data obtained give positive evidence that the hybrid carrageenan EW from Eueheuma denticulatum can be used as potential anti-H1N1 virus inhibitor in future.展开更多
The morphology and compositions of wild and farmed Eucheuma gelatinae in Hainan Province were compared. The results showed that wild E. gelatinae had greater frond,with more and longer branches. The main compositions ...The morphology and compositions of wild and farmed Eucheuma gelatinae in Hainan Province were compared. The results showed that wild E. gelatinae had greater frond,with more and longer branches. The main compositions of wild and farmed E. gelatinae were carbohydrates composed of dietary fiber and soluble sugars. The wild E. gelatinae had higher soluble sugar content than farmed E. gelatinae,while farmed E. gelatinae had higher dietary fiber and carrageenan yield.Both of wild and farmed E. gelatinae had advantages and disadvantages,and we could choose the best raw materials according to the actual application.展开更多
Betaphycus gelatinus, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum of Family Solieriaceae, Order Gi-gartinales, Class Rhodophyceae are three important carrageenan-producing red algal species, which pro-duce differe...Betaphycus gelatinus, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum of Family Solieriaceae, Order Gi-gartinales, Class Rhodophyceae are three important carrageenan-producing red algal species, which pro-duce different types of carrageenans, beta （β）-carrageenan, kappa （κ）-carrageenan and iota （ι）-carrageenan. So far the carrageenan biosynthesis pathway is not fully understood and few information is about the So-lieriaceae genome and transcriptome sequence. Here, we performed the de novo transcriptome sequencing, assembly, functional annotation and comparative analysis of these three commercial-valuable species using an Illumina short-sequencing platform Hiseq 2000 and bioinformatic software. Furthermore, we compared the different expression of some unigenes involved in some pathways relevant to carrageenan biosynthe-sis. We finally found 861 different expressed KEGG orthologs which contained a glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway （21 orthologs）, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms （16 orthologs）, galactose metabolism （5 orthologs）, and fructose and mannose metabolism （9 orthologs） which are parts of the carbohydrate me-tabolism. We also found 8 different expressed KEGG orthologs for sulfur metabolism which might be impor-tantly related to biosynthesis of different types of carrageenans. The results presented in this study provided valuable resources for functional genomics annotation and investigation of mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of carrageenan in Family Solieriaceae.展开更多
Seaweed cultivation or phycoculture has been developed rather fast in recent years. The total production of cultivated seaweed at present is about 6250×10 3 tons fresh weight. The total cultivation area is estima...Seaweed cultivation or phycoculture has been developed rather fast in recent years. The total production of cultivated seaweed at present is about 6250×10 3 tons fresh weight. The total cultivation area is estimated as 200×10 3 hectare. The annual total value of cultivated seaweeds has been estimated to be more than 3 billion US dollars. Phycoculture provides many job opportunities for the coastal region people, has the potential to improve marine environments and thus even induce global change. All traditional cultivation methods and techniques are based on or start from the individual plant or the cultivated seaweed population. Modern biological science and biotechnology achievements have benefited agriculture a lot, but traditional seaweed cultivation has not changed much since its founding. This is because seaweed cultivation has been quite conservative for quite a long period and has accumulated many problems requiring solution. Four main problems might be the most universal ones holding back further development of the industry. New ways of seaweed cultivation must be developed, new techniques must be perfected, and new problems solved. This paper mainly discusses the main problems of traditional seaweed cultivation at present and its possible further development and reformation in the future.展开更多
基金supported by International Science and Technology Collaboration Program of China (2007DFA-30980)Program for Changjiang Scholars,Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0944)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China (31070724)Special Fund for Marine Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201005024)
文摘Three polysaccharides （EW, EH and EA） were prepared from a red alga Eucheuma denticulatum by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water and sodium hydroxide water solution. Their monosaccharide compositions, relative molecular mass and structural characterization were determined by gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods. EW was hybrid l/k/v-carrageenan （701/17k/13v-car- rabiose）, EH was mainly t-carrageenan, and EA was mainly α-1,4-Glucan （88%） but mixed with small amount of t-carrageenan （12%）. The relative molecular mass ofEW, EH and EA was 480, 580 and 510kDa, respectively. The anti-influenza A （H1N1） virus activity of these three polysaccharides was evaluated using the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells model. EW showed good anti-H1N1 virus activity, its ICso was 276.5 μg mL-1, and the inhibition rate to H1N1 virus was 52% when its concentration was 250 μgmL-1. The ICs0 of t-carrageenan EH was 366.4 μgmL1, whereas EA showed lower anti-H1N1 virus activity （IC50〉430μgmL-1）. Available data obtained give positive evidence that the hybrid carrageenan EW from Eueheuma denticulatum can be used as potential anti-H1N1 virus inhibitor in future.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(20153162)Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Hainan Province(Hjkj2013-58)Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sanya Bureau of Science,Technology and Industry Informationization(2013YD65)
文摘The morphology and compositions of wild and farmed Eucheuma gelatinae in Hainan Province were compared. The results showed that wild E. gelatinae had greater frond,with more and longer branches. The main compositions of wild and farmed E. gelatinae were carbohydrates composed of dietary fiber and soluble sugars. The wild E. gelatinae had higher soluble sugar content than farmed E. gelatinae,while farmed E. gelatinae had higher dietary fiber and carrageenan yield.Both of wild and farmed E. gelatinae had advantages and disadvantages,and we could choose the best raw materials according to the actual application.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 31140070,31271397 and 41206116the algal transcrip-tome sequencing was supported by 1KP Project(www.onekp.com)
文摘Betaphycus gelatinus, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum of Family Solieriaceae, Order Gi-gartinales, Class Rhodophyceae are three important carrageenan-producing red algal species, which pro-duce different types of carrageenans, beta （β）-carrageenan, kappa （κ）-carrageenan and iota （ι）-carrageenan. So far the carrageenan biosynthesis pathway is not fully understood and few information is about the So-lieriaceae genome and transcriptome sequence. Here, we performed the de novo transcriptome sequencing, assembly, functional annotation and comparative analysis of these three commercial-valuable species using an Illumina short-sequencing platform Hiseq 2000 and bioinformatic software. Furthermore, we compared the different expression of some unigenes involved in some pathways relevant to carrageenan biosynthe-sis. We finally found 861 different expressed KEGG orthologs which contained a glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway （21 orthologs）, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms （16 orthologs）, galactose metabolism （5 orthologs）, and fructose and mannose metabolism （9 orthologs） which are parts of the carbohydrate me-tabolism. We also found 8 different expressed KEGG orthologs for sulfur metabolism which might be impor-tantly related to biosynthesis of different types of carrageenans. The results presented in this study provided valuable resources for functional genomics annotation and investigation of mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of carrageenan in Family Solieriaceae.
文摘Seaweed cultivation or phycoculture has been developed rather fast in recent years. The total production of cultivated seaweed at present is about 6250×10 3 tons fresh weight. The total cultivation area is estimated as 200×10 3 hectare. The annual total value of cultivated seaweeds has been estimated to be more than 3 billion US dollars. Phycoculture provides many job opportunities for the coastal region people, has the potential to improve marine environments and thus even induce global change. All traditional cultivation methods and techniques are based on or start from the individual plant or the cultivated seaweed population. Modern biological science and biotechnology achievements have benefited agriculture a lot, but traditional seaweed cultivation has not changed much since its founding. This is because seaweed cultivation has been quite conservative for quite a long period and has accumulated many problems requiring solution. Four main problems might be the most universal ones holding back further development of the industry. New ways of seaweed cultivation must be developed, new techniques must be perfected, and new problems solved. This paper mainly discusses the main problems of traditional seaweed cultivation at present and its possible further development and reformation in the future.
