This paper presents a new solution to the problem of transmission cost allocation to its users.The proposed technique utilizes modified Z-bus theory,equivalent current injection and impedance of the generators and loa...This paper presents a new solution to the problem of transmission cost allocation to its users.The proposed technique utilizes modified Z-bus theory,equivalent current injection and impedance of the generators and loads,and is developed by the equal-sharing as well as the orthogonal projection principle.The procedure is performed in three steps.First,the modified Z-bus theory is used to calculate the contribution of the users into the network bus voltages as well as the branch currents.Then,the equal sharing principle is confirmed by the game theory solutions and is subsequently applied to identify the users’contributions into the branch power flows.After that,the orthogonal projections of the contributions are calculated and the concept of effective contributions is suggested.The proposed methodology provides the percentage shares of the users on the network complex variables,which help to better assess the contributions.A 2-bus and the IEEE 30-bus test system are used to validate the proposed technique.Finally,the proposed methodology is applied to the polish 2383-bus system to emphasize its applicability to large practical systems.展开更多
Along with the advance of society and technology, education is becoming increasingly important than ever before. It determines in a large measure the success or failure of a nation in the global competition. However, ...Along with the advance of society and technology, education is becoming increasingly important than ever before. It determines in a large measure the success or failure of a nation in the global competition. However, different countries have different concept of education. In this paper, the author will make a brief sketch of some differences between American and Chinese concept of education.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a new solution to the problem of transmission cost allocation to its users.The proposed technique utilizes modified Z-bus theory,equivalent current injection and impedance of the generators and loads,and is developed by the equal-sharing as well as the orthogonal projection principle.The procedure is performed in three steps.First,the modified Z-bus theory is used to calculate the contribution of the users into the network bus voltages as well as the branch currents.Then,the equal sharing principle is confirmed by the game theory solutions and is subsequently applied to identify the users’contributions into the branch power flows.After that,the orthogonal projections of the contributions are calculated and the concept of effective contributions is suggested.The proposed methodology provides the percentage shares of the users on the network complex variables,which help to better assess the contributions.A 2-bus and the IEEE 30-bus test system are used to validate the proposed technique.Finally,the proposed methodology is applied to the polish 2383-bus system to emphasize its applicability to large practical systems.
文摘Along with the advance of society and technology, education is becoming increasingly important than ever before. It determines in a large measure the success or failure of a nation in the global competition. However, different countries have different concept of education. In this paper, the author will make a brief sketch of some differences between American and Chinese concept of education.
