We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result ...We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result in conjunction with Newtonian classical mechanics to show that the ordinary measurable cosmic energy density is given by while the dark energy density is obviously the Legendre transformation dual energy E(D) = 1 -?E(O). The result is in complete agreement with the COBE, WMAP and type 1a supernova measurements.展开更多
Based on the displacement potential functions, the elastic analysis of a mode Ⅱ crack in an icosahedral quasicrystal is performed by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equation theory. By the solution, the...Based on the displacement potential functions, the elastic analysis of a mode Ⅱ crack in an icosahedral quasicrystal is performed by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equation theory. By the solution, the analytic expressions for the displacement field and stress field are obtained. The asymptotic behaviours of the phonon and phason stress fields around the crack tip indicate that the stresses near the crack tip exhibit a square root singularity. The most important physical quantities of fracture theory, crack stress intensity factor and energy release rate, are evaluated in an explicit version.展开更多
How to effectively use the multi-energy demand elasticity of users to bid in the multi-energy market and formulate multi-energy retail packages is an urgent problem which needs to be solved by integrated energy servic...How to effectively use the multi-energy demand elasticity of users to bid in the multi-energy market and formulate multi-energy retail packages is an urgent problem which needs to be solved by integrated energy service providers(IESPs)to attract more users and reduce operating costs.This paper presents a unified clearing of electricity and natural gas based on a bi-level bidding and multi-energy retail price formulation method for IESPs considering multi-energy demand elasticity.First,we propose an operating structure of IESPs in the wholesale and retail energy markets.The multi-energy demand elasticity model of retail-side users and a retail price model for electricity,gas,heat and cooling are established.Secondly,a bi-level bidding model for IESPs considering multi-energy demand elasticity is established to provide IESPs with wholesale-side bidding decisions and retail-side energy retail price decisions.Finally,an example is given to verify the proposed method.The results show that the method improves the total social welfare of the electricity and natural gas markets by 7.99%and the profit of IESPs by 1.40%.It can reduce the variance of the electricity,gas,and cooling load curves,especially the reduction of the variance of the electricity load curve can which reach 79.90%.It can be seen that the research in this paper has a positive effect on repairing the limitations of integrated energy trading research and improving the economics of the operation of IESPs.展开更多
文摘We determine the limit of the ratio formed by the independent components of the Riemann tensor to the non-zero component as space dimensionality tends to infinity and find it to be 12. Subsequently we use this result in conjunction with Newtonian classical mechanics to show that the ordinary measurable cosmic energy density is given by while the dark energy density is obviously the Legendre transformation dual energy E(D) = 1 -?E(O). The result is in complete agreement with the COBE, WMAP and type 1a supernova measurements.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10372016）.
文摘Based on the displacement potential functions, the elastic analysis of a mode Ⅱ crack in an icosahedral quasicrystal is performed by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equation theory. By the solution, the analytic expressions for the displacement field and stress field are obtained. The asymptotic behaviours of the phonon and phason stress fields around the crack tip indicate that the stresses near the crack tip exhibit a square root singularity. The most important physical quantities of fracture theory, crack stress intensity factor and energy release rate, are evaluated in an explicit version.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0905000)the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China(SGTJDK 00DWJS1800232)。
文摘How to effectively use the multi-energy demand elasticity of users to bid in the multi-energy market and formulate multi-energy retail packages is an urgent problem which needs to be solved by integrated energy service providers(IESPs)to attract more users and reduce operating costs.This paper presents a unified clearing of electricity and natural gas based on a bi-level bidding and multi-energy retail price formulation method for IESPs considering multi-energy demand elasticity.First,we propose an operating structure of IESPs in the wholesale and retail energy markets.The multi-energy demand elasticity model of retail-side users and a retail price model for electricity,gas,heat and cooling are established.Secondly,a bi-level bidding model for IESPs considering multi-energy demand elasticity is established to provide IESPs with wholesale-side bidding decisions and retail-side energy retail price decisions.Finally,an example is given to verify the proposed method.The results show that the method improves the total social welfare of the electricity and natural gas markets by 7.99%and the profit of IESPs by 1.40%.It can reduce the variance of the electricity,gas,and cooling load curves,especially the reduction of the variance of the electricity load curve can which reach 79.90%.It can be seen that the research in this paper has a positive effect on repairing the limitations of integrated energy trading research and improving the economics of the operation of IESPs.
