于江西鄱阳、上高县,选用代表性晚粳稻品种(武运粳24、南粳44、镇稻11、常优1号、常优5号、甬优8号),在高产栽培条件下以当地代表性晚籼稻品种为对照,系统比较了粳、籼稻间产量、品质和效益的差异,初步阐明了双季晚粳生产力优势,并从温...于江西鄱阳、上高县,选用代表性晚粳稻品种(武运粳24、南粳44、镇稻11、常优1号、常优5号、甬优8号),在高产栽培条件下以当地代表性晚籼稻品种为对照,系统比较了粳、籼稻间产量、品质和效益的差异,初步阐明了双季晚粳生产力优势,并从温光利用、株型、光合物质生产等方面探讨了其优势形成的生态生理特征。结果表明,3年晚粳平均产量分别为9.6、8.3、9.9 t hm–2(2011年上高县甬优8号最高产量田块达10.6 t hm–2),极显著高于晚籼,而其产量高的主要原因是每穗粒数、结实率显著或极显著高于籼稻;晚粳加工品质、食味品质优于晚籼(晚粳出糙率、精米率、整精米率显著或极显著高;籽粒直链淀粉、蛋白质含量显著或极显著低,胶稠度显著或极显著长),外观品质逊于晚籼(粳稻的垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度均显著或极显著高于籼稻);晚粳效益高于晚籼(3年晚粳的纯收益分别为11 890.6、10 252.1、16 565.9元hm–2,分别高23.8%、23.6%、26.7%)。双季晚粳生产力优势形成的相关生理生态特征为,较籼稻全生育期特别是结实期明显延长,抽穗结实期较籼稻适应凉爽气候,增加对温光资源利用,能正常成熟;后期有较高光合生产能力,增大了群体光合物质生产积累量,源库协调性好,库容总充实量高;生育后期在偏低温气候下不早衰,维持较强根系和较大茎鞘强度,具有较强群体抗倒伏能力。展开更多
本研究旨在明确传统双季晚籼稻地区双季杂交晚粳稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征,阐明双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成规律。以江西省上高县6.77 hm2连片双季杂交晚粳稻高产攻关示范方为依托,选用杂交粳稻甬优8号为材料,对中产(8.25～9.75 t hm...本研究旨在明确传统双季晚籼稻地区双季杂交晚粳稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征,阐明双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成规律。以江西省上高县6.77 hm2连片双季杂交晚粳稻高产攻关示范方为依托,选用杂交粳稻甬优8号为材料,对中产(8.25～9.75 t hm–2)、高产(9.75～10.50 t hm–2)和超高产(>10.50 t hm–2)3个产量水平群体的产量构成及群体特征进行系统比较研究。结果表明,与中产、高产水平群体相比,超高产水平群体表现穗数足、穗型大、群体颖花量多(50 000×104 hm-2以上)的显著特点,但结实率和千粒重略低,差异不显著;群体茎蘖动态上,群体起点较高,可及时够苗;够苗后增长平缓,高峰苗数量较少、下降平缓,成穗率高(78.0%左右)。群体叶面积指数前期增长较缓,最大值出现在孕穗期,为8.0左右,此后下降缓慢,成熟期仍保持3.5以上;群体光合势生育前期较小,中、后期较大,抽穗至成熟期光合势为300×104 m2 d hm-2以上,总光合势为560×104 m2 d hm-2以上。拔节前干物质量积累速度较慢,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期群体干物质量为10.5 t hm-2左右,抽穗后积累量亦高,成熟期干物质量达19.0 t hm-2左右,后期茎鞘物质转运率大于14.0%。超高产群体根量多、活力较强;植株吸氮能力强、成熟期氮素累积量高,氮素利用率40%以上。根据双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成特征,我们探讨了培育双季晚粳稻超高产群体的关键栽培技术。展开更多
Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring ...Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring challenges to food security in China because rice is the staple food for more than 60% of the Chinese population. It has been generally recognized that rapidly rising labor costs due to economic growth and urbanization in China is the key driving force of the ‘double-to-single' rice cropping system adaption. However, not all provinces have shown a dramatic decline in DCR area, and labor costs alone cannot explain this difference. To elucidate the reasons for these inter-provincial distinctions and the dynamics of rice cropping system adaption, we evaluated the influencing factors using provincial panel data from 1980 to 2015. We also used household survey data for empirical analysis to explore the mechanisms driving differences in rice multi-cropping changes. Our results indicated that the eight provinces in the study can be divided into three spatial groups based on the extent of DCR area decline, the rapidly-declining marginal, core, and stable zones. Increasing labor cost due to rapid urbanization was the key driving force of rice cropping system adaption, but the land use dynamic vary hugely among different provinces. These differences between zones were due to the interaction between labor price and accumulated temperature conditions. Therefore, increasing labor costs had the greatest impact in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hubei, where the accumulated temperature is relatively low and rice multi-cropping index declined dramaticly. However, labor costs had little impact in Guangdong and Guangxi. Differences in accumulated temperature conditions resulted in spatially different labor demands and pressure on households during the busy season. As a result, there have been different profits and rice multi-cropping changes between provinces and zones. Because of these spatial differences, regionally appropri展开更多
文摘于江西鄱阳、上高县,选用代表性晚粳稻品种(武运粳24、南粳44、镇稻11、常优1号、常优5号、甬优8号),在高产栽培条件下以当地代表性晚籼稻品种为对照,系统比较了粳、籼稻间产量、品质和效益的差异,初步阐明了双季晚粳生产力优势,并从温光利用、株型、光合物质生产等方面探讨了其优势形成的生态生理特征。结果表明,3年晚粳平均产量分别为9.6、8.3、9.9 t hm–2(2011年上高县甬优8号最高产量田块达10.6 t hm–2),极显著高于晚籼,而其产量高的主要原因是每穗粒数、结实率显著或极显著高于籼稻;晚粳加工品质、食味品质优于晚籼(晚粳出糙率、精米率、整精米率显著或极显著高;籽粒直链淀粉、蛋白质含量显著或极显著低,胶稠度显著或极显著长),外观品质逊于晚籼(粳稻的垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度均显著或极显著高于籼稻);晚粳效益高于晚籼(3年晚粳的纯收益分别为11 890.6、10 252.1、16 565.9元hm–2,分别高23.8%、23.6%、26.7%)。双季晚粳生产力优势形成的相关生理生态特征为,较籼稻全生育期特别是结实期明显延长,抽穗结实期较籼稻适应凉爽气候,增加对温光资源利用,能正常成熟;后期有较高光合生产能力,增大了群体光合物质生产积累量,源库协调性好,库容总充实量高;生育后期在偏低温气候下不早衰,维持较强根系和较大茎鞘强度,具有较强群体抗倒伏能力。
文摘本研究旨在明确传统双季晚籼稻地区双季杂交晚粳稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征,阐明双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成规律。以江西省上高县6.77 hm2连片双季杂交晚粳稻高产攻关示范方为依托,选用杂交粳稻甬优8号为材料,对中产(8.25～9.75 t hm–2)、高产(9.75～10.50 t hm–2)和超高产(>10.50 t hm–2)3个产量水平群体的产量构成及群体特征进行系统比较研究。结果表明,与中产、高产水平群体相比,超高产水平群体表现穗数足、穗型大、群体颖花量多(50 000×104 hm-2以上)的显著特点,但结实率和千粒重略低,差异不显著;群体茎蘖动态上,群体起点较高,可及时够苗;够苗后增长平缓,高峰苗数量较少、下降平缓,成穗率高(78.0%左右)。群体叶面积指数前期增长较缓,最大值出现在孕穗期,为8.0左右,此后下降缓慢,成熟期仍保持3.5以上;群体光合势生育前期较小,中、后期较大,抽穗至成熟期光合势为300×104 m2 d hm-2以上,总光合势为560×104 m2 d hm-2以上。拔节前干物质量积累速度较慢,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期群体干物质量为10.5 t hm-2左右,抽穗后积累量亦高,成熟期干物质量达19.0 t hm-2左右,后期茎鞘物质转运率大于14.0%。超高产群体根量多、活力较强;植株吸氮能力强、成熟期氮素累积量高,氮素利用率40%以上。根据双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成特征,我们探讨了培育双季晚粳稻超高产群体的关键栽培技术。
基金National Program on Key Basic Research Project(No.2015CB452706)
文摘Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring challenges to food security in China because rice is the staple food for more than 60% of the Chinese population. It has been generally recognized that rapidly rising labor costs due to economic growth and urbanization in China is the key driving force of the ‘double-to-single' rice cropping system adaption. However, not all provinces have shown a dramatic decline in DCR area, and labor costs alone cannot explain this difference. To elucidate the reasons for these inter-provincial distinctions and the dynamics of rice cropping system adaption, we evaluated the influencing factors using provincial panel data from 1980 to 2015. We also used household survey data for empirical analysis to explore the mechanisms driving differences in rice multi-cropping changes. Our results indicated that the eight provinces in the study can be divided into three spatial groups based on the extent of DCR area decline, the rapidly-declining marginal, core, and stable zones. Increasing labor cost due to rapid urbanization was the key driving force of rice cropping system adaption, but the land use dynamic vary hugely among different provinces. These differences between zones were due to the interaction between labor price and accumulated temperature conditions. Therefore, increasing labor costs had the greatest impact in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hubei, where the accumulated temperature is relatively low and rice multi-cropping index declined dramaticly. However, labor costs had little impact in Guangdong and Guangxi. Differences in accumulated temperature conditions resulted in spatially different labor demands and pressure on households during the busy season. As a result, there have been different profits and rice multi-cropping changes between provinces and zones. Because of these spatial differences, regionally appropri
