摘要
土壤水热状况是影响南方稻区冬种马铃薯生长和产量的重要环境因素。本文研究了露地无覆盖(对照)、稻草、渗水膜、普通膜和黑色膜覆盖处理对土壤水热、马铃薯生长和产量的影响。结果表明:马铃薯全生育期内各处理0cm-20 cm土壤温度依次为普通膜>渗水膜>黑色膜>稻草>对照,表明覆盖可提高表层(0cm-20 cm)土壤温度。稻草覆盖处理比对照提高0cm-5 cm土壤含水量5.9%,达显著性差异水平(p<0.05);3种膜覆盖处理比对照显著降低了0cm-15 cm土壤含水量;各覆盖处理对20cm-25cm土壤含水量影响不显著。渗水膜覆盖比对照降低0cm-5 cm土壤容重2.0%,稻草覆盖比对照降低了15cm-20 cm土壤容重4.0%。渗水膜覆盖与对照的马铃薯出苗率基本一致,但稻草覆盖使马铃薯出苗率降低21.7%。渗水膜和黑色膜覆盖比对照显著增产22.0%和6.9%,稻草和普通膜减产21.2%和19.5%。渗水膜和黑色膜覆盖比对照提高大薯个数79.0%和31.6%;渗水膜覆盖提高马铃薯块茎商品率44.1%,并提高块茎淀粉含量7.4%。试验表明:南方稻田冬季马铃薯渗水膜覆盖栽培,对改善土壤水热状况及提高马铃薯产量和商品性具有重要作用,是冬季马铃薯优质高产栽培的重要措施。
Soil water and soil temperature are two important environmental factors, which affect winter potato production in double rice cropping area. This research was carried out to compare with the effects of different mulching types on soil water, soil temperature and winter potato production in Changsha County of Hunan Province. In this study, four mulching type, i.e. rice straw （RS）, water-permeability plastic film （WPPF）, common plastic film （CPF）, black plastic film （BPF）, and no-covering as control （CK）. Results showed as follows： mulching rise the soil temperature at 0 cm -20 cm layer, and effects of different mulching types showed CPF〉WPPF〉BPF〉RS〉CK. At 0 cm -5 cm layer, RS significantly improved soil moisture by 5.9% than CK at 5% level; mulching film （i.e. WPPF, CPF and BPF） significantly decreased soil moisture at 0 cm -15 cm layer, but had no significant effect on it at 20 cm -25 cm layer. WPPF significantly reduced the soil bulk density at 0 cm -5 cm layer by 2.0%, and RS significantly decreased it than CK by 4% at 15 cm -20 cm layer at 5% significance level. Mulching was the disadvantage of seedling emergence of potato, except WPPF. RS significantly decreased the rate of potato seedling emergence by 21.7% at 5% significance level. WPPF and BPF significantly increased tuber yield than CK by 22.0% and 6.9%; however, RS and CPF significantly decreased it by 21.2% and 19.5% at 5% probability level. WPPF obtained the maximum big potatoes, the highest rate of economic potato and the highest starch content of tuber potato among other＇s treatments. Our results suggest that WPPF had some advantages in maintaining soil water content and soil temperature and enhanced the yield and quality of winter potato tubers in double rice cropping area.
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期216-220,共5页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2006BAD15B02)
关键词
双季稻区
马铃薯
覆盖
土壤水热
块茎产量
double rice cropping area
potato
mulching
soil water and temperature
tuber yield
