Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female an...Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female and male victims is even greater. This study identifies and maps the relationships between the factors that make Afghan rural women more vulnerable to natural hazard-induced disasters. Data for this study were obtained through focus group discussions with rural women and men, as well as person-to-person interviews with employees of government and nongovernmental organizations at the national and local levels in Afghanistan. The study uses Grounded Theory and Interpretive Structural Modeling, not widely used before for this type of study, to analyze the data collected and to map the factors of vulnerability identified and their relationships. In agreement with previous studies,our findings show that insufficient disaster education,inadequate protection measures, and powerful cultural issues, both pre-and post-disaster, increase women’s vulnerability during and after disasters. In particular, cultural issues play a role after disasters by affecting women’s security, access to disaster aid, and health care. The study also found that perception regarding these cultural issues and how they affect women during disasters differs among men and women. Finally, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling, we show how the importance of the factors and their interrelationships change in predisaster and post-disaster situations. We conclude the article with some policy recommendations such as finding ways to allow women to participate in disaster planning activities and decision-making processes related to disaster risk reduction, as well as securing dedicated funds for the mainstreaming of gender in disaster risk reduction policies in Afghanistan.展开更多
灾害频发不断困扰乡村,如何精准识别乡村领域的综合灾害风险成为当下防灾减灾的重要内容。为此,以湖南省花垣县232个村为例,基于区域灾害系统理论中风险形成的三要素,定义综合灾害风险指数,并构建体现孕灾环境动态性的评价体系。通过层...灾害频发不断困扰乡村,如何精准识别乡村领域的综合灾害风险成为当下防灾减灾的重要内容。为此,以湖南省花垣县232个村为例,基于区域灾害系统理论中风险形成的三要素,定义综合灾害风险指数,并构建体现孕灾环境动态性的评价体系。通过层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)-优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)、熵权-TOPSIS、AHP和熵权法4种模型比较,开展乡村综合灾害风险研究。结论如下:①多模型评价结果具有正相关性,数值比为1∶0.877∶0.740∶0.539,且熵权-TOPSIS模型更适合案例区综合灾害风险评价;②案例区综合风险指数的莫兰指数(Moran’s I)为0.74,具有较强的空间自相关性,且呈现“西高东低、局部显著”的空间分布特征。文章深化了乡村领域的综合灾害风险评价研究,可为科学指导乡村防灾减灾工作开展、保障乡村振兴战略安全实施提供实践经验和理论依据。展开更多
基金support received from the International Organization for Migrationthe ANDMA offices.
文摘Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female and male victims is even greater. This study identifies and maps the relationships between the factors that make Afghan rural women more vulnerable to natural hazard-induced disasters. Data for this study were obtained through focus group discussions with rural women and men, as well as person-to-person interviews with employees of government and nongovernmental organizations at the national and local levels in Afghanistan. The study uses Grounded Theory and Interpretive Structural Modeling, not widely used before for this type of study, to analyze the data collected and to map the factors of vulnerability identified and their relationships. In agreement with previous studies,our findings show that insufficient disaster education,inadequate protection measures, and powerful cultural issues, both pre-and post-disaster, increase women’s vulnerability during and after disasters. In particular, cultural issues play a role after disasters by affecting women’s security, access to disaster aid, and health care. The study also found that perception regarding these cultural issues and how they affect women during disasters differs among men and women. Finally, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling, we show how the importance of the factors and their interrelationships change in predisaster and post-disaster situations. We conclude the article with some policy recommendations such as finding ways to allow women to participate in disaster planning activities and decision-making processes related to disaster risk reduction, as well as securing dedicated funds for the mainstreaming of gender in disaster risk reduction policies in Afghanistan.
文摘灾害频发不断困扰乡村,如何精准识别乡村领域的综合灾害风险成为当下防灾减灾的重要内容。为此,以湖南省花垣县232个村为例,基于区域灾害系统理论中风险形成的三要素,定义综合灾害风险指数,并构建体现孕灾环境动态性的评价体系。通过层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)-优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)、熵权-TOPSIS、AHP和熵权法4种模型比较,开展乡村综合灾害风险研究。结论如下:①多模型评价结果具有正相关性,数值比为1∶0.877∶0.740∶0.539,且熵权-TOPSIS模型更适合案例区综合灾害风险评价;②案例区综合风险指数的莫兰指数(Moran’s I)为0.74,具有较强的空间自相关性,且呈现“西高东低、局部显著”的空间分布特征。文章深化了乡村领域的综合灾害风险评价研究,可为科学指导乡村防灾减灾工作开展、保障乡村振兴战略安全实施提供实践经验和理论依据。
