为了明确机械旱直播模式下水稻的产量形成机制,以杂交籼稻(F优498)和常规粳稻(徐稻4号)为试材,通过一次浅旋耕机械旱直播(B1)、"调墒、两旋"机械旱直播(B2)2种机械旱直播处理,并以人工撒播(B3)处理为对照,研究其对直播水稻产...为了明确机械旱直播模式下水稻的产量形成机制,以杂交籼稻(F优498)和常规粳稻(徐稻4号)为试材,通过一次浅旋耕机械旱直播(B1)、"调墒、两旋"机械旱直播(B2)2种机械旱直播处理,并以人工撒播(B3)处理为对照,研究其对直播水稻产量形成的影响及其生理特性。结果表明,品种与直播处理对水稻主要生育时期干物质累积、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、结实期剑叶净光合速率与保护酶活性、根系伤流强度、茎秆抗倒伏特性及产量均存在显著影响。不同直播处理下,F优498在产量及生长发育特性各指标上均显著高于徐稻4号。与B3相比,同一品种下机械旱直播各处理均能优化群体茎蘖数,提高成穗率,保证齐穗期适宜的LAI,提高了高效叶面积率,并有利于提高结实期群体光合产物的积累、剑叶净光合速率与保护酶活性、根系伤流量及茎秆抗倒伏能力,并在保证一定数量有效穗的前提下,显著提高穗粒数、结实率及千粒质量,是机械旱直播水稻高产的重要原因。不同机械旱直播处理下,B2比B1处理能进一步提高机直播水稻齐穗至成熟期干物质累积并延缓LAI的衰减、增强根系活力及茎秆的抗倒能力,提高了结实率及千粒质量,最终促进了产量的提高,为最佳的机械旱直播方式。展开更多
Under conditions of labor or resource scarcity,direct seeding,rather than transplantation,is the preferred mode of rice(Oryza sativa)cultivation.This approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence...Under conditions of labor or resource scarcity,direct seeding,rather than transplantation,is the preferred mode of rice(Oryza sativa)cultivation.This approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence.Mesocotyl elongation(ME),the main driver of rapid emergence of rice seedlings from soil,is enhanced by darkness and inhibited by light.Plant polyamine oxidases(PAOs)oxidize polyamines(PAs)and release H2O2,Here,we established that OsPAO5 expression in rice seedlings is increased in the presence of light and inhibited by darkness.To determine its role in ME,we created OsPAO5 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9.Compared with the wild type,pao5 mutants had longer mesocotyls,released less H2O2,and synthesized more ethylene.The mutant seedlings emerged at a higher and more uniform rate,indicating their potential for use in direct seeding.Nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed that an SNP(PAO5-578G/A)located 578 bp upstream of the OsPAO5 start codon alters its expression,and was selected during rice mesocotyl domestication.The PAO5-578G genotype conferring a long mesocotyl mainly exists in wild rice,most Aus accessions,and some Geng(Japonica)accessions.Intriguingly,knocking out OsPAO5 can remarkably increase the grain weight,grain number,and yield potential.In summary,we developed a novel strategy to obtain elite rice with higher emergence vigor and yield potential,which can be conveniently and widely used to breed varieties of direct-seeding rice.展开更多
文摘为了明确机械旱直播模式下水稻的产量形成机制,以杂交籼稻(F优498)和常规粳稻(徐稻4号)为试材,通过一次浅旋耕机械旱直播(B1)、"调墒、两旋"机械旱直播(B2)2种机械旱直播处理,并以人工撒播(B3)处理为对照,研究其对直播水稻产量形成的影响及其生理特性。结果表明,品种与直播处理对水稻主要生育时期干物质累积、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、结实期剑叶净光合速率与保护酶活性、根系伤流强度、茎秆抗倒伏特性及产量均存在显著影响。不同直播处理下,F优498在产量及生长发育特性各指标上均显著高于徐稻4号。与B3相比,同一品种下机械旱直播各处理均能优化群体茎蘖数,提高成穗率,保证齐穗期适宜的LAI,提高了高效叶面积率,并有利于提高结实期群体光合产物的积累、剑叶净光合速率与保护酶活性、根系伤流量及茎秆抗倒伏能力,并在保证一定数量有效穗的前提下,显著提高穗粒数、结实率及千粒质量,是机械旱直播水稻高产的重要原因。不同机械旱直播处理下,B2比B1处理能进一步提高机直播水稻齐穗至成熟期干物质累积并延缓LAI的衰减、增强根系活力及茎秆的抗倒能力,提高了结实率及千粒质量,最终促进了产量的提高,为最佳的机械旱直播方式。
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0100300 and 2016YFD0101801)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of China(Y2020YJ09 and Y2020PT07)Agricultural Sciences and Technologies Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Under conditions of labor or resource scarcity,direct seeding,rather than transplantation,is the preferred mode of rice(Oryza sativa)cultivation.This approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence.Mesocotyl elongation(ME),the main driver of rapid emergence of rice seedlings from soil,is enhanced by darkness and inhibited by light.Plant polyamine oxidases(PAOs)oxidize polyamines(PAs)and release H2O2,Here,we established that OsPAO5 expression in rice seedlings is increased in the presence of light and inhibited by darkness.To determine its role in ME,we created OsPAO5 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9.Compared with the wild type,pao5 mutants had longer mesocotyls,released less H2O2,and synthesized more ethylene.The mutant seedlings emerged at a higher and more uniform rate,indicating their potential for use in direct seeding.Nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed that an SNP(PAO5-578G/A)located 578 bp upstream of the OsPAO5 start codon alters its expression,and was selected during rice mesocotyl domestication.The PAO5-578G genotype conferring a long mesocotyl mainly exists in wild rice,most Aus accessions,and some Geng(Japonica)accessions.Intriguingly,knocking out OsPAO5 can remarkably increase the grain weight,grain number,and yield potential.In summary,we developed a novel strategy to obtain elite rice with higher emergence vigor and yield potential,which can be conveniently and widely used to breed varieties of direct-seeding rice.
