Forest fire has received considerable attention in literature because it is considered one of the most common factors causing disturbances in ecosystems and at the same time considered vital in maintaining ecosystems....Forest fire has received considerable attention in literature because it is considered one of the most common factors causing disturbances in ecosystems and at the same time considered vital in maintaining ecosystems.Firewise Approach(FWA)has been proposed and used for controlling forest fire and achieving sustainable forest management.The approach requires involvement of communities in managing forest fire incidences in reserved forests.Despite considerable period since FWA has been practiced,there is insufficient scholarly knowledge on effectiveness of the approach in managing forest fire.This paper examines the effectiveness of FWA in managing forest fires in Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve(UNFR).The study employed cross-section research design that involved quantitative and qualitative data collection.The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS)software and content analysis.The study found alternating periods:the period of overall decrease of wildfire incidences within initial five years of practising the approach.The study concludes that the FWA is useful in reducing forest fire incidences during early period of practising the approach and another period of huge fire occurrence beyond five years.However,the FWA has challenges of sustaining successes in controlling forest fires including limited fire management training to common community.The study recommends sustaining communities’trainings on forest fire management.展开更多
This paper aims to discuss and analyze the distribution characteristics of the private placement among different regions and different industries by state-owned and private holding enterprises as well as the changed e...This paper aims to discuss and analyze the distribution characteristics of the private placement among different regions and different industries by state-owned and private holding enterprises as well as the changed earning capacities of the capital before and after the placement. Taking the private placement financing data of the listed companies during the period of 2006-2011 in China's A-share markets as the sample, this study adopts the panel data model to conduct a quantitative analysis of the industrial upgrading effect of the private placement by listed companies with different holding natures. The empirical results show that though the private placement by the state-owned and private holding enterprises has not significantly improved the Clark index in any region, the private placement by private holding companies has significantly improved the growth rate of the tertiary industry in the eastern region. While reducing the proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP in the central and western regions, it has also improved the growth rate of the secondary industry and its proportion in GDP in that region to a larger extent. Yet the private placement of state-owned enterprises has no significant effect on the industrial upgrading path in any region except that it helped to raise the proportion of the secondary industry in GDP a little in the eastern region.展开更多
文摘Forest fire has received considerable attention in literature because it is considered one of the most common factors causing disturbances in ecosystems and at the same time considered vital in maintaining ecosystems.Firewise Approach(FWA)has been proposed and used for controlling forest fire and achieving sustainable forest management.The approach requires involvement of communities in managing forest fire incidences in reserved forests.Despite considerable period since FWA has been practiced,there is insufficient scholarly knowledge on effectiveness of the approach in managing forest fire.This paper examines the effectiveness of FWA in managing forest fires in Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve(UNFR).The study employed cross-section research design that involved quantitative and qualitative data collection.The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS)software and content analysis.The study found alternating periods:the period of overall decrease of wildfire incidences within initial five years of practising the approach.The study concludes that the FWA is useful in reducing forest fire incidences during early period of practising the approach and another period of huge fire occurrence beyond five years.However,the FWA has challenges of sustaining successes in controlling forest fires including limited fire management training to common community.The study recommends sustaining communities’trainings on forest fire management.
文摘为了评估采笋管理政策对马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫生境恢复的作用,2018年 9月对保护区内采笋管理区域和保护区外围保护带的未管理区域进行了野外调查,对比分析采笋管理区域与未管理区域大熊猫主食竹——八月竹( Chimonobambusa szechuanensis )的生长状况以及森林植被特征。结果显示: 1)采笋管理区域的竹笋株高与数量明显大于未管理区域的相关指标( p <0.05),竹笋基径,成竹株高无明显差异。2)采笋管理区域乔木胸径,乔木树高,灌木层盖度大于未管理区域,且差异显著( p <0.05)。可见,采笋管理政策对马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫主食竹的恢复产生正面作用,而连续采笋不仅影响了大熊猫主食竹的生长,也在改变大熊猫生境的森林植被特征。为了更好的保护当地大熊猫的生存,保护区实行科学的采笋管理政策是有效的,建议在其他保护区推广。
文摘This paper aims to discuss and analyze the distribution characteristics of the private placement among different regions and different industries by state-owned and private holding enterprises as well as the changed earning capacities of the capital before and after the placement. Taking the private placement financing data of the listed companies during the period of 2006-2011 in China's A-share markets as the sample, this study adopts the panel data model to conduct a quantitative analysis of the industrial upgrading effect of the private placement by listed companies with different holding natures. The empirical results show that though the private placement by the state-owned and private holding enterprises has not significantly improved the Clark index in any region, the private placement by private holding companies has significantly improved the growth rate of the tertiary industry in the eastern region. While reducing the proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP in the central and western regions, it has also improved the growth rate of the secondary industry and its proportion in GDP in that region to a larger extent. Yet the private placement of state-owned enterprises has no significant effect on the industrial upgrading path in any region except that it helped to raise the proportion of the secondary industry in GDP a little in the eastern region.
