The use of the Internet of Things(IoT)is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices.In critical infrastructure ...The use of the Internet of Things(IoT)is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices.In critical infrastructure domains like oil and gas supply,intelligent transportation,power grids,and autonomous agriculture,it is essential to guarantee the confidentiality,integrity,and authenticity of data collected and exchanged.However,the limited resources coupled with the heterogeneity of IoT devices make it inefficient or sometimes infeasible to achieve secure data transmission using traditional cryptographic techniques.Consequently,designing a lightweight secure data transmission scheme is becoming essential.In this article,we propose lightweight secure data transmission(LSDT)scheme for IoT environments.LSDT consists of three phases and utilizes an effective combination of symmetric keys and the Elliptic Curve Menezes-Qu-Vanstone asymmetric key agreement protocol.We design the simulation environment and experiments to evaluate the performance of the LSDT scheme in terms of communication and computation costs.Security and performance analysis indicates that the LSDT scheme is secure,suitable for IoT applications,and performs better in comparison to other related security schemes.展开更多
可验证秘密共享(verifiable secret sharing,VSS)是一类重要的广义安全多方计算协议,轮复杂性和通信复杂性是其重要的复杂性度量.一些标准模型下的常数轮VSS协议在理论上具有较高的效率,但标准模型对秘密信道和广播信道的要求使得这些...可验证秘密共享(verifiable secret sharing,VSS)是一类重要的广义安全多方计算协议,轮复杂性和通信复杂性是其重要的复杂性度量.一些标准模型下的常数轮VSS协议在理论上具有较高的效率,但标准模型对秘密信道和广播信道的要求使得这些协议在现实网络中不具有实用性.安全群组通信对安全多方计算协议的安全性和性能有着重要影响,因此提出了安全多播与安全多方计算结合的体系结构——SMPC over SM.设计了两层分散式大规模安全多播组密钥管理方案,新方案所有组成员共享组密钥,在密钥更新过程中使用多播技术,使其达到了常数级的通信复杂性,并具有较好的可扩展性和容错性.基于上述体系结构SMPC over SM和组密钥管理方案,对Katz所提出的标准模型下常数轮VSS协议予以优化,继承了原协议最优轮复杂性优点,同时将其通信复杂性由O(n3)降低为O(n2),节点的处理延迟降低为原来的1/n.展开更多
Health communication is critical component of effective health delivery. While there are studies on the readability Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) around the world, so far, there is only one Ghanaian study that e...Health communication is critical component of effective health delivery. While there are studies on the readability Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) around the world, so far, there is only one Ghanaian study that explored the language of patient information leaflets for malaria. The present study explores the language of PILs of seven common ailments in Ghana. In all, 68 leaflets were purposely sampled for the study. Using SMOG and Flesch Kincaid grade level readability formulae, the researcher measured the readability of PILs and discovered that the readability of all the PILs was difficult to read except the dewormer leaflets that scored standard reading score. Further statistical analysis reveal that the lexical and syntactic complexity of the leaflets were not statistically different. Finally, an interview with 20 patients confirmed that the leaflets are difficult to read due to the complex words and long sentence structures. It is recommended that the PILs be revised to make the leaflets readable.展开更多
In millimeter wave （mmWave） massive multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） systems, because of the high hardware cost and high power consumption, the traditional fully digital beamforming （DBF） cannot be implemen...In millimeter wave （mmWave） massive multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） systems, because of the high hardware cost and high power consumption, the traditional fully digital beamforming （DBF） cannot be implemented easily. Meanwhile, analog beamforming which is implemented with phase shifters has high availability but suffers poor performance. Considering the advantages of above two, a potential solution is to design an appropriate hybrid analog and digital beamforming structure, where the available iterative optimization algorithm can get performance close to fully digital processing, but solving this sparse optimization problem faces with a high computational complexity. The key challenge of seeking out hybrid beamforming （HBF） matrices lies in leveraging the trade-off between the spectral efficiency performance and the computational complexity. In this paper, we propose an asymptotically unitary hybrid precoding （AUHP） algorithm based on antenna array response （AAR） properties to solve the HBF optimization problem. Firstly, we get the optimal orthogonal analog and digital beamforming matrices relying on the channel＇s path gain in absolute value by taking into account that the AAR matrices are asymptotically unitary. Then, an improved simultaneously orthogonal matching pursuit （SOMP） algorithm based on recursion is adopted to refine the hybrid combining. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed AUHP algorithm enables a lower computational complexity with negligible spectral efficiency performance degradation.展开更多
基金support of the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems(IRC-ISS)Internal Fund Grant#INSS2202.
文摘The use of the Internet of Things(IoT)is expanding at an unprecedented scale in many critical applications due to the ability to interconnect and utilize a plethora of wide range of devices.In critical infrastructure domains like oil and gas supply,intelligent transportation,power grids,and autonomous agriculture,it is essential to guarantee the confidentiality,integrity,and authenticity of data collected and exchanged.However,the limited resources coupled with the heterogeneity of IoT devices make it inefficient or sometimes infeasible to achieve secure data transmission using traditional cryptographic techniques.Consequently,designing a lightweight secure data transmission scheme is becoming essential.In this article,we propose lightweight secure data transmission(LSDT)scheme for IoT environments.LSDT consists of three phases and utilizes an effective combination of symmetric keys and the Elliptic Curve Menezes-Qu-Vanstone asymmetric key agreement protocol.We design the simulation environment and experiments to evaluate the performance of the LSDT scheme in terms of communication and computation costs.Security and performance analysis indicates that the LSDT scheme is secure,suitable for IoT applications,and performs better in comparison to other related security schemes.
文摘可验证秘密共享(verifiable secret sharing,VSS)是一类重要的广义安全多方计算协议,轮复杂性和通信复杂性是其重要的复杂性度量.一些标准模型下的常数轮VSS协议在理论上具有较高的效率,但标准模型对秘密信道和广播信道的要求使得这些协议在现实网络中不具有实用性.安全群组通信对安全多方计算协议的安全性和性能有着重要影响,因此提出了安全多播与安全多方计算结合的体系结构——SMPC over SM.设计了两层分散式大规模安全多播组密钥管理方案,新方案所有组成员共享组密钥,在密钥更新过程中使用多播技术,使其达到了常数级的通信复杂性,并具有较好的可扩展性和容错性.基于上述体系结构SMPC over SM和组密钥管理方案,对Katz所提出的标准模型下常数轮VSS协议予以优化,继承了原协议最优轮复杂性优点,同时将其通信复杂性由O(n3)降低为O(n2),节点的处理延迟降低为原来的1/n.
文摘Health communication is critical component of effective health delivery. While there are studies on the readability Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) around the world, so far, there is only one Ghanaian study that explored the language of patient information leaflets for malaria. The present study explores the language of PILs of seven common ailments in Ghana. In all, 68 leaflets were purposely sampled for the study. Using SMOG and Flesch Kincaid grade level readability formulae, the researcher measured the readability of PILs and discovered that the readability of all the PILs was difficult to read except the dewormer leaflets that scored standard reading score. Further statistical analysis reveal that the lexical and syntactic complexity of the leaflets were not statistically different. Finally, an interview with 20 patients confirmed that the leaflets are difficult to read due to the complex words and long sentence structures. It is recommended that the PILs be revised to make the leaflets readable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61201134)State Key Science and Research Project(MJ-2014-S-37)the 111 Project(B08038)
文摘In millimeter wave （mmWave） massive multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） systems, because of the high hardware cost and high power consumption, the traditional fully digital beamforming （DBF） cannot be implemented easily. Meanwhile, analog beamforming which is implemented with phase shifters has high availability but suffers poor performance. Considering the advantages of above two, a potential solution is to design an appropriate hybrid analog and digital beamforming structure, where the available iterative optimization algorithm can get performance close to fully digital processing, but solving this sparse optimization problem faces with a high computational complexity. The key challenge of seeking out hybrid beamforming （HBF） matrices lies in leveraging the trade-off between the spectral efficiency performance and the computational complexity. In this paper, we propose an asymptotically unitary hybrid precoding （AUHP） algorithm based on antenna array response （AAR） properties to solve the HBF optimization problem. Firstly, we get the optimal orthogonal analog and digital beamforming matrices relying on the channel＇s path gain in absolute value by taking into account that the AAR matrices are asymptotically unitary. Then, an improved simultaneously orthogonal matching pursuit （SOMP） algorithm based on recursion is adopted to refine the hybrid combining. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed AUHP algorithm enables a lower computational complexity with negligible spectral efficiency performance degradation.
