In this paper, by combining the second order characteristics time discretization with the variational multiscale finite element method in space we get a second order modified characteristics variational multiscale fin...In this paper, by combining the second order characteristics time discretization with the variational multiscale finite element method in space we get a second order modified characteristics variational multiscale finite element method for the time dependent Navier- Stokes problem. The theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method has a good convergence property. To show the efficiency of the proposed finite element method, we first present some numerical results for analytical solution problems. We then give some numerical results for the lid-driven cavity flow with Re = 5000, 7500 and 10000. We present the numerical results as the time are sufficient long, so that the steady state numerical solutions can be obtained.展开更多
This paper introduces a unified concept and algorithm for the fractionalstep(FS),artificial compressibility(AC)and pressure-projection(PP)methods for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.The proposed FSA...This paper introduces a unified concept and algorithm for the fractionalstep(FS),artificial compressibility(AC)and pressure-projection(PP)methods for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.The proposed FSAC-PP approach falls into the group of pseudo-time splitting high-resolution methods incorporating the characteristics-based(CB)Godunov-type treatment of convective terms with PP methods.Due to the fact that the CB Godunov-type methods are applicable directly to the hyperbolic AC formulation and not to the elliptical FS-PP(split)methods,thus the straightforward coupling of CB Godunov-type schemes with PP methods is not possible.Therefore,the proposed FSAC-PP approach unifies the fully-explicit AC and semi-implicit FS-PP methods of Chorin including a PP step in the dual-time stepping procedure to a)overcome the numerical stiffness of the classical AC approach at(very)low and moderate Reynolds numbers,b)incorporate the accuracy and convergence properties of CB Godunov-type schemes with PP methods,and c)further improve the stability and efficiency of the AC method for steady and unsteady flow problems.The FSAC-PP method has also been coupled with a non-linear,full-multigrid and fullapproximation storage(FMG-FAS)technique to further increase the efficiency of the solution.For validating the proposed FSAC-PP method,computational examples are presented for benchmark problems.The overall results show that the unified FSAC-PP approach is an efficient algorithm for solving incompressible flow problems.展开更多
Fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG F-P) cavity is used as the sensing model to measure the refractive index of the liquid solution. The cladding of the fiber, which is used as the F-P cavity, is etched by HF solutio...Fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG F-P) cavity is used as the sensing model to measure the refractive index of the liquid solution. The cladding of the fiber, which is used as the F-P cavity, is etched by HF solution to enhance the sensitivity to the external refractive index. The experimental results show that with the concentration change of the external solution, the effective refractive index of etched fiber will change, thus the spectra of FBG F-P cavity will appear a spilt point. The relationship be...展开更多
针对复杂非均匀水下环境中目标检测问题,提出了一种基于背景统计特性的鲁棒声呐恒虚警(Background Statistical Characteristics based Robust Sonar Target Constant False Alarm Ratio,BSCR-CFAR)检测算法。该算法将自动删除平均级检...针对复杂非均匀水下环境中目标检测问题,提出了一种基于背景统计特性的鲁棒声呐恒虚警(Background Statistical Characteristics based Robust Sonar Target Constant False Alarm Ratio,BSCR-CFAR)检测算法。该算法将自动删除平均级检测(Automatic Censored Mean Level Detection,ACMLD)和排序统计恒虚警(Order Statistic CFAR,OS-CFAR)检测算法引入可变指数恒虚警(Variability Index CFAR,VI-CFAR)检测算法中,并通过评估背景特性,自适应选择更匹配的CFAR检测方法。仿真和声呐实测数据分析结果表明,相比较单元平均恒虚警(Cell Average CFAR,CA-CFAR)、单元平均选大恒虚警(Greatest of CFAR,GO-CFAR)、单元平均选小恒虚警(Smallest of CFAR,SO-CFAR)和OS-CFAR、VI-CFAR等检测算法,该算法在混响边缘、混响区、单/多强离散干扰等典型非均匀背景下的恒虚警检测保持了良好的鲁棒性。展开更多
文摘In this paper, by combining the second order characteristics time discretization with the variational multiscale finite element method in space we get a second order modified characteristics variational multiscale finite element method for the time dependent Navier- Stokes problem. The theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method has a good convergence property. To show the efficiency of the proposed finite element method, we first present some numerical results for analytical solution problems. We then give some numerical results for the lid-driven cavity flow with Re = 5000, 7500 and 10000. We present the numerical results as the time are sufficient long, so that the steady state numerical solutions can be obtained.
文摘This paper introduces a unified concept and algorithm for the fractionalstep(FS),artificial compressibility(AC)and pressure-projection(PP)methods for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.The proposed FSAC-PP approach falls into the group of pseudo-time splitting high-resolution methods incorporating the characteristics-based(CB)Godunov-type treatment of convective terms with PP methods.Due to the fact that the CB Godunov-type methods are applicable directly to the hyperbolic AC formulation and not to the elliptical FS-PP(split)methods,thus the straightforward coupling of CB Godunov-type schemes with PP methods is not possible.Therefore,the proposed FSAC-PP approach unifies the fully-explicit AC and semi-implicit FS-PP methods of Chorin including a PP step in the dual-time stepping procedure to a)overcome the numerical stiffness of the classical AC approach at(very)low and moderate Reynolds numbers,b)incorporate the accuracy and convergence properties of CB Godunov-type schemes with PP methods,and c)further improve the stability and efficiency of the AC method for steady and unsteady flow problems.The FSAC-PP method has also been coupled with a non-linear,full-multigrid and fullapproximation storage(FMG-FAS)technique to further increase the efficiency of the solution.For validating the proposed FSAC-PP method,computational examples are presented for benchmark problems.The overall results show that the unified FSAC-PP approach is an efficient algorithm for solving incompressible flow problems.
文摘矿物风化过程中盐基离子释放遵从一定的化学计量关系,这种化学计量关系一般只能通过模拟实验来获取。本研究采用pH 7.0的EDTA-乙酸铵溶液将土壤中的交换性盐基离子完全洗脱出来,然后用Batch方法模拟不同pH溶液淋溶洗脱盐基和未洗脱盐基土壤,旨在消除土壤中交换性盐基离子的影响后更为准确地判断土壤矿物风化的盐基离子释放特征。结果表明:未洗脱盐基土壤的淋出液pH由3.73±0.14逐渐上升到4.23±0.06,主要原因是淋溶液中有高浓度的NH_4^+;洗脱盐基土壤矿物风化后淋出液pH从7.39±0.02逐渐下降到5.39±0.17,主要是由于土壤中可风化矿物减少。土壤交换性盐基离子会改变盐基离子释放特征、释放总量:未洗脱盐基土壤经酸雨淋溶后,各盐基离子释放均呈现急速下降后逐渐平缓的趋势,洗脱盐基土壤矿物风化后,K^+及盐基离子释放总量呈波动上升趋势,且盐基离子释放总量比未洗脱盐基土壤低。土壤交换性盐基离子的存在还会改变淋出液中的盐基离子化学计量关系:未洗脱盐基土壤的K^+︰Ca^(2+)︰Mg^(2+)︰Na+化学计量关系为11︰13︰4︰1(当量比),而洗脱盐基土壤为7︰2︰2︰1。K^+是盐基离子中风化释放量最多的,大部分K^+来自于土壤中云母的风化。因此,只有利用洗脱盐基土壤的盐基离子释放量才能准确计算矿物风化速率并获得准确的化学计量关系。土壤矿物风化作用随着淋溶液酸度增大而增强,但模拟一年降雨量的情况下,p H 3.5、4.5和5.5三种不同p H溶液对矿物风化后盐基离子的释放在实验期间没有显著性影响,较长时间后的差异性有待观察。本研究表明,可以通过预洗脱盐基土壤然后模拟酸雨淋溶的方法,观察矿物风化特征,特别是盐基离子释放的化学计量特征。
基金supported by the National Nature Scien- ce Foundation of China (Grant No.60672015).
文摘Fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG F-P) cavity is used as the sensing model to measure the refractive index of the liquid solution. The cladding of the fiber, which is used as the F-P cavity, is etched by HF solution to enhance the sensitivity to the external refractive index. The experimental results show that with the concentration change of the external solution, the effective refractive index of etched fiber will change, thus the spectra of FBG F-P cavity will appear a spilt point. The relationship be...
文摘针对复杂非均匀水下环境中目标检测问题,提出了一种基于背景统计特性的鲁棒声呐恒虚警(Background Statistical Characteristics based Robust Sonar Target Constant False Alarm Ratio,BSCR-CFAR)检测算法。该算法将自动删除平均级检测(Automatic Censored Mean Level Detection,ACMLD)和排序统计恒虚警(Order Statistic CFAR,OS-CFAR)检测算法引入可变指数恒虚警(Variability Index CFAR,VI-CFAR)检测算法中,并通过评估背景特性,自适应选择更匹配的CFAR检测方法。仿真和声呐实测数据分析结果表明,相比较单元平均恒虚警(Cell Average CFAR,CA-CFAR)、单元平均选大恒虚警(Greatest of CFAR,GO-CFAR)、单元平均选小恒虚警(Smallest of CFAR,SO-CFAR)和OS-CFAR、VI-CFAR等检测算法,该算法在混响边缘、混响区、单/多强离散干扰等典型非均匀背景下的恒虚警检测保持了良好的鲁棒性。
