Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge.Insulin resistance intarget tissues and a relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the major features ...Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge.Insulin resistance intarget tissues and a relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the major features of type 2 diabetes(T2D).Chronic low-grade inflammation in T2 D has given an impetus to the field of immuno-metabolism linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.Many factors advocate a causal link between metabolic stress and inflammation.Numerous cellular factors trigger inflammatory signalling cascades,and as a result T2 D is at the moment considered an inflammatory disorder triggered by disordered metabolism.Cellular mechanisms like activation of Tolllike receptors,Endoplasmic Reticulum stress,and inflammasome activation are related to the nutrient excess linking pathogenesis and progression of T2 D with inflammation.This paper aims to systematically review the metabolic profile and role of various inflammatory pathways in T2 D by capturing relevant evidence from various sources.The perspectives include suggestions for the development of therapies involving the shift from metabolic stress to homeostasis that would favour insulin sensitivity and survival of pancreatic β-cells in T2 D.展开更多
为有效防治中国糖尿病,亟待找到近年来糖尿病持续攀升的根本原因。2型糖尿病的主要病理特征是胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能障碍。既往研究表明,以中国人和日本人为代表的东亚人2型糖尿病的发病机制主要为β细胞功能障碍,而美国人2型糖尿病的...为有效防治中国糖尿病,亟待找到近年来糖尿病持续攀升的根本原因。2型糖尿病的主要病理特征是胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能障碍。既往研究表明,以中国人和日本人为代表的东亚人2型糖尿病的发病机制主要为β细胞功能障碍,而美国人2型糖尿病的发病机制主要是胰岛素抵抗,且肥胖是这两类人群糖尿病病因差异的主要原因。中国糖尿病近40年急剧增加,β细胞功能障碍显然已不足以成为解释该流行趋势的主要原因。过去40年间,中国见证了从高体力活动/低热量低脂饮食向久坐生活方式/高能量高脂饮食的转变,与此同时,肥胖与2型糖尿病患病率呈平行上升趋势。肥胖是否影响中国糖尿病,是关系到解释中国糖尿病流行特点,探究中国糖尿病病因特征,以及制定行之有效的糖尿病防控策略的关键问题。Lancet Diabetes&Endocrinology近期发表的一项中国心脏代谢疾病和癌症队列研究(China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study,4C),分析了胰岛素抵抗、β细胞功能障碍及二者的交互作用对2型糖尿病发生风险的作用,并揭示了肥胖对糖尿病病因的影响。展开更多
基金Supported by Department of Science and Technology,Government of India to Iqra Hameed,No.Wos-A LS 509/2012
文摘Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge.Insulin resistance intarget tissues and a relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the major features of type 2 diabetes(T2D).Chronic low-grade inflammation in T2 D has given an impetus to the field of immuno-metabolism linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.Many factors advocate a causal link between metabolic stress and inflammation.Numerous cellular factors trigger inflammatory signalling cascades,and as a result T2 D is at the moment considered an inflammatory disorder triggered by disordered metabolism.Cellular mechanisms like activation of Tolllike receptors,Endoplasmic Reticulum stress,and inflammasome activation are related to the nutrient excess linking pathogenesis and progression of T2 D with inflammation.This paper aims to systematically review the metabolic profile and role of various inflammatory pathways in T2 D by capturing relevant evidence from various sources.The perspectives include suggestions for the development of therapies involving the shift from metabolic stress to homeostasis that would favour insulin sensitivity and survival of pancreatic β-cells in T2 D.
文摘为有效防治中国糖尿病,亟待找到近年来糖尿病持续攀升的根本原因。2型糖尿病的主要病理特征是胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能障碍。既往研究表明,以中国人和日本人为代表的东亚人2型糖尿病的发病机制主要为β细胞功能障碍,而美国人2型糖尿病的发病机制主要是胰岛素抵抗,且肥胖是这两类人群糖尿病病因差异的主要原因。中国糖尿病近40年急剧增加,β细胞功能障碍显然已不足以成为解释该流行趋势的主要原因。过去40年间,中国见证了从高体力活动/低热量低脂饮食向久坐生活方式/高能量高脂饮食的转变,与此同时,肥胖与2型糖尿病患病率呈平行上升趋势。肥胖是否影响中国糖尿病,是关系到解释中国糖尿病流行特点,探究中国糖尿病病因特征,以及制定行之有效的糖尿病防控策略的关键问题。Lancet Diabetes&Endocrinology近期发表的一项中国心脏代谢疾病和癌症队列研究(China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study,4C),分析了胰岛素抵抗、β细胞功能障碍及二者的交互作用对2型糖尿病发生风险的作用,并揭示了肥胖对糖尿病病因的影响。
