<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of bacterial cross-contamination in commercial and non-commercial processing plants including associated risk factors for b...<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of bacterial cross-contamination in commercial and non-commercial processing plants including associated risk factors for bacterial contamination. <strong>Study Design</strong><strong>:</strong> This was analytic cross sectional survey on bacterial contamination of broiler carcasses between different processing systems. <strong>Introduction:</strong> Zambia, like most African and Asian Countries, still practices “live-open non-commercial broiler carcass processing systems” besides the “closed abattoir based systems”. However, shelf life, spoilage and hygiene levels have been postulated to vary based on the type of processing system. Live-open non-commercial processing systems are popular among majority consumers owing to their perceived “freshness”, compared to commercially dressed chickens. In between, consumers have to balance freshness and quality assurance. Ultimately, this becomes inert, remotely but an important public health issue. However, lack of empirical evidence on safety levels to guide consumer product selection leaves them to speculation. It is this need to close this gap that created an impetus for us to undertake this study. <strong>Methods:</strong> Biological samples were collected before carcass wash and after carcass wash alongside a structured questionnaire that gathered risk-associated data. Standard microbiological enumeration methods were used to isolate bacteria and enumerate contamination. <strong>Results:</strong> Broiler carcasses processed from “open” non-commercial systems were more contaminated (45.6%) than “closed-abattoir” commercially processed systems (35%). <em>Escherichia coli</em> were major contaminants (71.3%) and few <em>Salmonella</em> spices (typhi or para-typhi) in 1.3%. Risk analysis indicates washing (method) of carcasses at commercial systems was significantly more risky for contamination than non-commercial ones. Major sources of contamination were “distance from展开更多
China＇s animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly and the inventory of swine, poultry, and sheep has been in the first place in the world of late years. For several consecutive years, the annual slaughter swine...China＇s animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly and the inventory of swine, poultry, and sheep has been in the first place in the world of late years. For several consecutive years, the annual slaughter swine has reached to more than 700 million head, 70 million head of carcasses, about 2 million tons. The number will be even more if cattle, sheep and poultry had been considered. If handled improperly, the large number of carcasses of livestock and poultry will seriously pollute environment and even bring food safety issues and harm to public health security. More and more concern has been attracted on harmless disposal of dead animals. Of all the harmless disposal methods on carcasses of livestock and poultry, the application and research of alkalizalion hydrolysisar （ AH ） are less and only restricted in the higher-level security laboratory field in China. The method of alkalization hydrolysis has the advantages of completely inactivating pathogenic microorganisms （including prions）, no harmful gas, simple operation, low cost, etc, which has the value of research and application. This paper summarized the characteristics and the sterilization effect of alkaline hydrolysis, and discussed the processing and application of AH products of animal carcasses ,meanwhile, introduced the types, research and application state of AH in China, finally, briefly discussed the application prospect of AH in China.展开更多
This paper introduced the difficulties in the handling of infected pig carcasses,such as difficulty in finding,difficulty in collection and transportation,difficulty in facility construction,and difficulty in monitori...This paper introduced the difficulties in the handling of infected pig carcasses,such as difficulty in finding,difficulty in collection and transportation,difficulty in facility construction,and difficulty in monitoring and supervision,etc.The reasons for these difficulties are shortcomings in the top-level design of the policy to the specific measures at the grassroots level.In view of these shortcomings,the author came up with some pertinent recommendations,including improving relevant regulations and policy measures,establishing a sound system and network for the collection,transportation and processing of infected pig carcasses,reinforcing punishment and strengthening linkage and cooperation between departments.展开更多
文摘<strong>Objectives:</strong> This study aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of bacterial cross-contamination in commercial and non-commercial processing plants including associated risk factors for bacterial contamination. <strong>Study Design</strong><strong>:</strong> This was analytic cross sectional survey on bacterial contamination of broiler carcasses between different processing systems. <strong>Introduction:</strong> Zambia, like most African and Asian Countries, still practices “live-open non-commercial broiler carcass processing systems” besides the “closed abattoir based systems”. However, shelf life, spoilage and hygiene levels have been postulated to vary based on the type of processing system. Live-open non-commercial processing systems are popular among majority consumers owing to their perceived “freshness”, compared to commercially dressed chickens. In between, consumers have to balance freshness and quality assurance. Ultimately, this becomes inert, remotely but an important public health issue. However, lack of empirical evidence on safety levels to guide consumer product selection leaves them to speculation. It is this need to close this gap that created an impetus for us to undertake this study. <strong>Methods:</strong> Biological samples were collected before carcass wash and after carcass wash alongside a structured questionnaire that gathered risk-associated data. Standard microbiological enumeration methods were used to isolate bacteria and enumerate contamination. <strong>Results:</strong> Broiler carcasses processed from “open” non-commercial systems were more contaminated (45.6%) than “closed-abattoir” commercially processed systems (35%). <em>Escherichia coli</em> were major contaminants (71.3%) and few <em>Salmonella</em> spices (typhi or para-typhi) in 1.3%. Risk analysis indicates washing (method) of carcasses at commercial systems was significantly more risky for contamination than non-commercial ones. Major sources of contamination were “distance from
基金Surported by Jiangsu Vocational Colleges Young Teachers Enterprise Practice Training Funding Project(2016QYSJ058)Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering 2017 Science and Technology Project-A Preliminary Study on Farm Animal Welfare(2017KY07)Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Brand Profession Construction Fund
文摘China＇s animal husbandry industry has developed rapidly and the inventory of swine, poultry, and sheep has been in the first place in the world of late years. For several consecutive years, the annual slaughter swine has reached to more than 700 million head, 70 million head of carcasses, about 2 million tons. The number will be even more if cattle, sheep and poultry had been considered. If handled improperly, the large number of carcasses of livestock and poultry will seriously pollute environment and even bring food safety issues and harm to public health security. More and more concern has been attracted on harmless disposal of dead animals. Of all the harmless disposal methods on carcasses of livestock and poultry, the application and research of alkalizalion hydrolysisar （ AH ） are less and only restricted in the higher-level security laboratory field in China. The method of alkalization hydrolysis has the advantages of completely inactivating pathogenic microorganisms （including prions）, no harmful gas, simple operation, low cost, etc, which has the value of research and application. This paper summarized the characteristics and the sterilization effect of alkaline hydrolysis, and discussed the processing and application of AH products of animal carcasses ,meanwhile, introduced the types, research and application state of AH in China, finally, briefly discussed the application prospect of AH in China.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,31970497Key laboratory of marine ecology and environmental science and engineering,SOA,MESE-2019-01Ocean Park Conservation Foundation,Hong Kong,MM-02_1920。
文摘This paper introduced the difficulties in the handling of infected pig carcasses,such as difficulty in finding,difficulty in collection and transportation,difficulty in facility construction,and difficulty in monitoring and supervision,etc.The reasons for these difficulties are shortcomings in the top-level design of the policy to the specific measures at the grassroots level.In view of these shortcomings,the author came up with some pertinent recommendations,including improving relevant regulations and policy measures,establishing a sound system and network for the collection,transportation and processing of infected pig carcasses,reinforcing punishment and strengthening linkage and cooperation between departments.
