The Huashanguan rapakivi pluton in Zhongxiang,Hubei Province,China,is the first discovered Proterozoic rapakivi pluton in the Yangtze block.Based on field and petrographical observations,a typical rapakivi texture was...The Huashanguan rapakivi pluton in Zhongxiang,Hubei Province,China,is the first discovered Proterozoic rapakivi pluton in the Yangtze block.Based on field and petrographical observations,a typical rapakivi texture was found in the northern portion of the Huashanguan granitic pluton.Almost all the K-feldspar phenocrysts were round to oval in shape and most had plagioclase coatings known as rapakivi phenocrysts.Alkali feldspars and quartz had two or more generations.Petrochemically,the Huashanguan rapakivi granites were characterized as having high values of Si,K,Fe,Th,U,La,Ga,Ce,Sm and LREE,low values of Ca,Mg,Sr,Nb,Y and HREE,and a negative Eu anomaly.These geochemical characteristics of the Huashanguan granites were concordant with typical rapakivi granites,and had an affinity to A-type granites.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating also was conducted.The dating yielded a 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean age of 1851±18 Ma (MSWD =1.2),which represents the age of the pluton emplacement.The age of 803±170 Ma at the lower intercept in the concordia diagram corresponds to the age of a later deformation event which affected the pluton,and suggests that the Huashanguan pluton was influenced by Neoproterozoic thermo-tectonic events after its formation.The discovery of Paleoproterozoic Huashanguan rapakivi granites indicates continental rifting or a post-orogenic extensional event that took place in the Paleoproterozoic in the Yangtze block.These events may be related to the breakup of the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent.展开更多
城市空间是火灾灾害系统的载体,街区是城市管理的基本单元,火灾风险评估则是火灾风险管控的关键。本文先利用遥感图像识别结合支持向量机算法及K-means聚类获取街区尺度的空间数据,进行“单位-街区-区域”层次的高密度建成区火灾危险性...城市空间是火灾灾害系统的载体,街区是城市管理的基本单元,火灾风险评估则是火灾风险管控的关键。本文先利用遥感图像识别结合支持向量机算法及K-means聚类获取街区尺度的空间数据,进行“单位-街区-区域”层次的高密度建成区火灾危险性评估;然后通过POI(Point of Interesting)数据挖掘,识别城市空间用地类型衡量火灾损失,对高密度建成区进行火灾风险综合评估;最后利用聚类和异常值分析探究火灾风险空间分布,提出高密度建成区火灾风险防范措施。结果表明:研究区域的539个街区单元中,有37个为五级火灾危险性街区单元,45个为五级火灾风险街区单元;街区特征暴露性是影响火灾危险性的主要因素,工业和商业活动范围是城市火灾的高损失区域;提出了集“重点监测点-重点监测区-重点改造区-消防优化区-改造优化区”于一体的石家庄市中心城区火灾风险防范建议;POI数据及遥感图像识别技术的引入,不仅提升了风险溯源能力,还弥补了火灾风险评估模型没有充分考虑城市动态变化的局限。街区尺度的火灾风险研究为高密度建成区消防安全保障提供了新思路。展开更多
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2007DFA21230)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2009CDA004)+2 种基金the National Training Foundation of Geological Science Base (J083520)the National Innovation Experiment Program for University Students (1320311009)part of a Higher Education Key Project of Hubei Province (2009108)
文摘The Huashanguan rapakivi pluton in Zhongxiang,Hubei Province,China,is the first discovered Proterozoic rapakivi pluton in the Yangtze block.Based on field and petrographical observations,a typical rapakivi texture was found in the northern portion of the Huashanguan granitic pluton.Almost all the K-feldspar phenocrysts were round to oval in shape and most had plagioclase coatings known as rapakivi phenocrysts.Alkali feldspars and quartz had two or more generations.Petrochemically,the Huashanguan rapakivi granites were characterized as having high values of Si,K,Fe,Th,U,La,Ga,Ce,Sm and LREE,low values of Ca,Mg,Sr,Nb,Y and HREE,and a negative Eu anomaly.These geochemical characteristics of the Huashanguan granites were concordant with typical rapakivi granites,and had an affinity to A-type granites.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating also was conducted.The dating yielded a 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean age of 1851±18 Ma (MSWD =1.2),which represents the age of the pluton emplacement.The age of 803±170 Ma at the lower intercept in the concordia diagram corresponds to the age of a later deformation event which affected the pluton,and suggests that the Huashanguan pluton was influenced by Neoproterozoic thermo-tectonic events after its formation.The discovery of Paleoproterozoic Huashanguan rapakivi granites indicates continental rifting or a post-orogenic extensional event that took place in the Paleoproterozoic in the Yangtze block.These events may be related to the breakup of the Paleoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent.
文摘城市空间是火灾灾害系统的载体,街区是城市管理的基本单元,火灾风险评估则是火灾风险管控的关键。本文先利用遥感图像识别结合支持向量机算法及K-means聚类获取街区尺度的空间数据,进行“单位-街区-区域”层次的高密度建成区火灾危险性评估;然后通过POI(Point of Interesting)数据挖掘,识别城市空间用地类型衡量火灾损失,对高密度建成区进行火灾风险综合评估;最后利用聚类和异常值分析探究火灾风险空间分布,提出高密度建成区火灾风险防范措施。结果表明:研究区域的539个街区单元中,有37个为五级火灾危险性街区单元,45个为五级火灾风险街区单元;街区特征暴露性是影响火灾危险性的主要因素,工业和商业活动范围是城市火灾的高损失区域;提出了集“重点监测点-重点监测区-重点改造区-消防优化区-改造优化区”于一体的石家庄市中心城区火灾风险防范建议;POI数据及遥感图像识别技术的引入,不仅提升了风险溯源能力,还弥补了火灾风险评估模型没有充分考虑城市动态变化的局限。街区尺度的火灾风险研究为高密度建成区消防安全保障提供了新思路。
