为研究奶牛夏季热应激对其行为和产奶量的影响,该文选取了东北地区典型的舍饲散养奶牛场,通过对整个夏季牛舍环境指标以及奶牛阴道温度、行为参数和产奶性能的连续监测,探究了东北地区奶牛热应激状况及其对行为和生产性能的影响。结果表...为研究奶牛夏季热应激对其行为和产奶量的影响,该文选取了东北地区典型的舍饲散养奶牛场,通过对整个夏季牛舍环境指标以及奶牛阴道温度、行为参数和产奶性能的连续监测,探究了东北地区奶牛热应激状况及其对行为和生产性能的影响。结果表明,夏季该场奶牛经历轻度和中度热应激的时间分别占40.9%和17.9%,每天12:00—20:00是中度热应激高发时段。从轻度到中度热应激,奶牛的核心体温(core body temperature,CBT)从38.8℃上升到39.3℃,且其体温变化滞后于环境参数的变化。由无热应激到中度热应激,奶牛躺卧时间比例从51.3%下降至42.3%,站立时间则相应增加。当日均温湿指数(temperature-humidity index,THI)大于75时,奶牛产奶量显著降低9.2%(P<0.05)。东北地区夜间开放运动场,有利于奶牛缓解白天热应激的影响,降低减产损失。展开更多
男男性行为人群(men who have Sex with men,MSM)是我国艾滋病防制工作的重点人群之一,艾滋病高危行为干预是预防艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)传播的有效方法。该文从男男性行为人群规模、HIV感染状况、性行为特征及MS...男男性行为人群(men who have Sex with men,MSM)是我国艾滋病防制工作的重点人群之一,艾滋病高危行为干预是预防艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)传播的有效方法。该文从男男性行为人群规模、HIV感染状况、性行为特征及MSM行为干预现状进行综述,探索艾滋病有效的干预模式,为进一步开展行为干预工作提供参考信息。展开更多
Underwater behavioral patterns of one Yangtze finless porpoise （Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis） calf in captivity and those performed on the water surface by two calves in semi-natural environment were foc...Underwater behavioral patterns of one Yangtze finless porpoise （Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis） calf in captivity and those performed on the water surface by two calves in semi-natural environment were focally followed and continuously recorded until one year postpartum to construct the ethogram. The results indicate that 1） the three calves could display diverse and active behavioral patterns; 2） soon after birth, patterns critical for survival appeared first; 3） playful and social patterns predominated the ethogram; 4） most of the patterns were alike across age classes; 5） most of the patterns appeared at the calves’ early life stage. It is possible that the above characteristics are adaptively shaped by the aquatic and social life of this subspecies.展开更多
Studies have found a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk,but limited research evaluated the association of reallocating excessive sleep to other behavior with CKD.We includ...Studies have found a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk,but limited research evaluated the association of reallocating excessive sleep to other behavior with CKD.We included 104538 participants from the nationwide cohort of the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals:A Longitudinal Study,with self-reported time of daily-life behavior.Using isotemporal substitution models,we found that substituting 1 h of sleeping with sitting,walking,or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a lower CKD prevalence.Leisure-time physical activity displacement was associated with a greater prevalence reduction than occupational physical activity in working population.In stratified analysis,a lower CKD prevalence related to substitution toward physical activity was found in long sleepers.More pronounced correlations were observed in long sleepers with diabetes than in those with prediabetes,and they benefited from other behavior substitutions toward a more active way.The U-shaped association between sleep duration and CKD prevalence implied the potential effects of insufficient and excessive sleep on the kidneys,in which the pernicious link with oversleep could be reversed by time reallocation to physical activity.The divergence in the predicted effect on CKD following time reallocation to behavior of different domains and intensities and in subpopulations with diverse metabolic statuses underlined the importance of optimizing sleeping patterns and adjusting integral behavioral composition.展开更多
文摘为研究奶牛夏季热应激对其行为和产奶量的影响,该文选取了东北地区典型的舍饲散养奶牛场,通过对整个夏季牛舍环境指标以及奶牛阴道温度、行为参数和产奶性能的连续监测,探究了东北地区奶牛热应激状况及其对行为和生产性能的影响。结果表明,夏季该场奶牛经历轻度和中度热应激的时间分别占40.9%和17.9%,每天12:00—20:00是中度热应激高发时段。从轻度到中度热应激,奶牛的核心体温(core body temperature,CBT)从38.8℃上升到39.3℃,且其体温变化滞后于环境参数的变化。由无热应激到中度热应激,奶牛躺卧时间比例从51.3%下降至42.3%,站立时间则相应增加。当日均温湿指数(temperature-humidity index,THI)大于75时,奶牛产奶量显著降低9.2%(P<0.05)。东北地区夜间开放运动场,有利于奶牛缓解白天热应激的影响,降低减产损失。
文摘男男性行为人群(men who have Sex with men,MSM)是我国艾滋病防制工作的重点人群之一,艾滋病高危行为干预是预防艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)传播的有效方法。该文从男男性行为人群规模、HIV感染状况、性行为特征及MSM行为干预现状进行综述,探索艾滋病有效的干预模式,为进一步开展行为干预工作提供参考信息。
基金National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB411600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30730018)President Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(220103)~~
文摘Underwater behavioral patterns of one Yangtze finless porpoise （Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis） calf in captivity and those performed on the water surface by two calves in semi-natural environment were focally followed and continuously recorded until one year postpartum to construct the ethogram. The results indicate that 1） the three calves could display diverse and active behavioral patterns; 2） soon after birth, patterns critical for survival appeared first; 3） playful and social patterns predominated the ethogram; 4） most of the patterns were alike across age classes; 5） most of the patterns appeared at the calves’ early life stage. It is possible that the above characteristics are adaptively shaped by the aquatic and social life of this subspecies.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82088102,91857205,82022011,81970728,and 81930021)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.21QA1408100)+2 种基金Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan(No.20XD1422800)the National Top Young Scholar Program(Yu Xu),the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai,the Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases(No.19MC1910100)the Shanghai Shen Kang Hospital Development Center(Nos.SHDC2020CR1001A and SHDC2020CR3064B).
文摘Studies have found a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk,but limited research evaluated the association of reallocating excessive sleep to other behavior with CKD.We included 104538 participants from the nationwide cohort of the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals:A Longitudinal Study,with self-reported time of daily-life behavior.Using isotemporal substitution models,we found that substituting 1 h of sleeping with sitting,walking,or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a lower CKD prevalence.Leisure-time physical activity displacement was associated with a greater prevalence reduction than occupational physical activity in working population.In stratified analysis,a lower CKD prevalence related to substitution toward physical activity was found in long sleepers.More pronounced correlations were observed in long sleepers with diabetes than in those with prediabetes,and they benefited from other behavior substitutions toward a more active way.The U-shaped association between sleep duration and CKD prevalence implied the potential effects of insufficient and excessive sleep on the kidneys,in which the pernicious link with oversleep could be reversed by time reallocation to physical activity.The divergence in the predicted effect on CKD following time reallocation to behavior of different domains and intensities and in subpopulations with diverse metabolic statuses underlined the importance of optimizing sleeping patterns and adjusting integral behavioral composition.
