With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society...With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence （AI） has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage： AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.展开更多
An intelligent manufacturing system is a composite intelligent system comprising humans,cyber systems,and physical systems with the aim of achieving specific manufacturing goals at an optimized level.This kind of inte...An intelligent manufacturing system is a composite intelligent system comprising humans,cyber systems,and physical systems with the aim of achieving specific manufacturing goals at an optimized level.This kind of intelligent system is called a human-cyber-physical system(HCPS).In terms of technology,HCPSs can both reveal technological principles and form the technological architecture for intelligent manufacturing.It can be concluded that the essence of intelligent manufacturing is to design,construct,and apply HCPSs in various cases and at different levels.With advances in information technology,intelligent manufacturing has passed through the stages of digital manufacturing and digital-networked manufacturing,and is evolving toward new-generation intelligent manufacturing(NGIM).NGIM is characterized by the in-depth integration of new-generation artificial intelligence(AI)technology(i.e.,enabling technology)with advanced manufacturing technology(i.e.,root technology);it is the core driving force of the new industrial revolution.In this study,the evolutionary footprint of intelligent manufacturing is reviewed from the perspective of HCPSs,and the implications,characteristics,technical frame,and key technologies of HCPSs for NGIM are then discussed in depth.Finally,an outlook of the major challenges of HCPSs for NGIM is proposed.展开更多
We present a method for solving partial differential equations using artificial neural networks and an adaptive collocation strategy.In this procedure,a coarse grid of training points is used at the initial training s...We present a method for solving partial differential equations using artificial neural networks and an adaptive collocation strategy.In this procedure,a coarse grid of training points is used at the initial training stages,while more points are added at later stages based on the value of the residual at a larger set of evaluation points.This method increases the robustness of the neural network approximation and can result in significant computational savings,particularly when the solution is non-smooth.Numerical results are presented for benchmark problems for scalar-valued PDEs,namely Poisson and Helmholtz equations,as well as for an inverse acoustics problem.展开更多
目的系统评价机械通气患者进行早期活动的效果。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)、CINAHL、Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)、中国知网(CNKI)与...目的系统评价机械通气患者进行早期活动的效果。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)、CINAHL、Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)、中国知网(CNKI)与万方数据库中关于机械通气患者早期活动的随机对照试验,经筛选文献,提取资料与评价质量后行Meta分析。结果共纳入14项随机对照试验,Meta分析结果显示,与常规护理措施相比,早期活动能够缩短机械通气时间[MD=-46.98,95%CI(-66.49,-27.48),P<0.001]、ICU治疗时间[MD=-1.96,95%CI(-2.86,-1.05),P<0.001]和总住院时间[MD=-5.41,95%CI(-8.67,-2.14),P=0.001],并且能降低病死率[RR=0.67,95%CI(0.45,0.99),P=0.040]。结论机械通气开始后5d内开始早期活动能够缩短通气时间、ICU治疗时间和住院时间,且不增加病死率,建议临床推广使用。展开更多
This paper presents the rigorous study of mobile robot navigation techniques used so far.The step by step investigations of classical and reactive approaches are made here to understand the development of path plannin...This paper presents the rigorous study of mobile robot navigation techniques used so far.The step by step investigations of classical and reactive approaches are made here to understand the development of path planning strategies in various environmental conditions and to identify research gap.The classical approaches such as cell decomposition(CD),roadmap approach(RA),artificial potential field(APF);reactive approaches such as genetic algorithm(GA),fuzzy logic(FL),neural network(NN),firefly algorithm(FA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),ant colony optimization(ACO),bacterial foraging optimization(BFO),artificial bee colony(ABC),cuckoo search(CS),shuffled frog leaping algorithm(SFLA)and other miscellaneous algorithms(OMA)are considered for study.The navigation over static and dynamic condition is analyzed(for single and multiple robot systems)and it has been observed that the reactive approaches are more robust and perform well in all terrain when compared to classical approaches.It is also observed that the reactive approaches are used to improve the performance of the classical approaches as a hybrid algorithm.Hence,reactive approaches are more popular and widely used for path planning of mobile robot.The paper concludes with tabular data and charts comparing the frequency of individual navigational strategies which can be used for specific application in robotics.展开更多
文摘With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence （AI） has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage： AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.
文摘An intelligent manufacturing system is a composite intelligent system comprising humans,cyber systems,and physical systems with the aim of achieving specific manufacturing goals at an optimized level.This kind of intelligent system is called a human-cyber-physical system(HCPS).In terms of technology,HCPSs can both reveal technological principles and form the technological architecture for intelligent manufacturing.It can be concluded that the essence of intelligent manufacturing is to design,construct,and apply HCPSs in various cases and at different levels.With advances in information technology,intelligent manufacturing has passed through the stages of digital manufacturing and digital-networked manufacturing,and is evolving toward new-generation intelligent manufacturing(NGIM).NGIM is characterized by the in-depth integration of new-generation artificial intelligence(AI)technology(i.e.,enabling technology)with advanced manufacturing technology(i.e.,root technology);it is the core driving force of the new industrial revolution.In this study,the evolutionary footprint of intelligent manufacturing is reviewed from the perspective of HCPSs,and the implications,characteristics,technical frame,and key technologies of HCPSs for NGIM are then discussed in depth.Finally,an outlook of the major challenges of HCPSs for NGIM is proposed.
文摘We present a method for solving partial differential equations using artificial neural networks and an adaptive collocation strategy.In this procedure,a coarse grid of training points is used at the initial training stages,while more points are added at later stages based on the value of the residual at a larger set of evaluation points.This method increases the robustness of the neural network approximation and can result in significant computational savings,particularly when the solution is non-smooth.Numerical results are presented for benchmark problems for scalar-valued PDEs,namely Poisson and Helmholtz equations,as well as for an inverse acoustics problem.
文摘目的系统评价机械通气患者进行早期活动的效果。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)、CINAHL、Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro)、中国知网(CNKI)与万方数据库中关于机械通气患者早期活动的随机对照试验,经筛选文献,提取资料与评价质量后行Meta分析。结果共纳入14项随机对照试验,Meta分析结果显示,与常规护理措施相比,早期活动能够缩短机械通气时间[MD=-46.98,95%CI(-66.49,-27.48),P<0.001]、ICU治疗时间[MD=-1.96,95%CI(-2.86,-1.05),P<0.001]和总住院时间[MD=-5.41,95%CI(-8.67,-2.14),P=0.001],并且能降低病死率[RR=0.67,95%CI(0.45,0.99),P=0.040]。结论机械通气开始后5d内开始早期活动能够缩短通气时间、ICU治疗时间和住院时间,且不增加病死率,建议临床推广使用。
文摘This paper presents the rigorous study of mobile robot navigation techniques used so far.The step by step investigations of classical and reactive approaches are made here to understand the development of path planning strategies in various environmental conditions and to identify research gap.The classical approaches such as cell decomposition(CD),roadmap approach(RA),artificial potential field(APF);reactive approaches such as genetic algorithm(GA),fuzzy logic(FL),neural network(NN),firefly algorithm(FA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),ant colony optimization(ACO),bacterial foraging optimization(BFO),artificial bee colony(ABC),cuckoo search(CS),shuffled frog leaping algorithm(SFLA)and other miscellaneous algorithms(OMA)are considered for study.The navigation over static and dynamic condition is analyzed(for single and multiple robot systems)and it has been observed that the reactive approaches are more robust and perform well in all terrain when compared to classical approaches.It is also observed that the reactive approaches are used to improve the performance of the classical approaches as a hybrid algorithm.Hence,reactive approaches are more popular and widely used for path planning of mobile robot.The paper concludes with tabular data and charts comparing the frequency of individual navigational strategies which can be used for specific application in robotics.
