Background At the end of 2005, 650 000 people lived with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 （HIV-1） in China, of whom 75 000 were AIDS patients. Many AIDS patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy （HA...Background At the end of 2005, 650 000 people lived with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 （HIV-1） in China, of whom 75 000 were AIDS patients. Many AIDS patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） supported by the ＂China CARES＂ program but the immune responses of HAART were seldom reported. This study investigated the effect of HAART on the activation and coreceptor expression of T lymphocytes in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients and evaluated its effect on immune reconstitution. Methods Seventeen HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled and three-color-flow cytometry was used to detect the activation of HLA-DR CD38 and the coreceptor CCR5, CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes in whole blood samples taken from the patients before and after 3- or 6-month HAART. Results The activation percents of CD4^＋, CD8^＋ T lymphocytes were significantly higher before therapy than the normal controls （HLA-DR/CD4： 40.47±18.85 vs 11.54±4.10; CD38/CD4： 81.34± 10.86 vs 53.34± 11.44; HLA-DR/CD8：63.94±12.71 vs 25.67±9.18; CD38/CD8： 86.56± 11.41 vs 58.84±6.16,. all P〈0.01）. After 6-month combined antiretroviral treatment, the activation of T lymphocytes in HIV/AIDS patients was significantly decreased （HLA-DR/CD4：28.31± 13.48; CD38/CD4：69.88 ± 12.64; HLA-DR/CD8： 46.56± 18.64; CD38/CD8： 70.17±14.54, all P〈0.01 compared with the pre-treatment values）. Before the treatment, CCR5 expression on CD8^＋ T lymphocytes was up-regulated while CXCR4 expression on CD8^＋ T lymphocytes downregulated in HIV/AIDS patients compared with the normal controls （CD8/CCR5：70.91 ± 10.03 vs 52.70± 7.68; CD8/CXCR4：24.14±11.08 vs 50.05±11.68, all P〈0.01）. After 6-month HAART, CCR5 expression on CD8^＋ T lymphocytes significantly decreased （56.35±2.96, P〈0.01）, while CXCR4 expression on CD8^＋ T lymphocytes increased （36.95±9.96, P〈0.05） compared with the pre-treatment and the normal controls. A significant statistical relationship was observed between the expression of ac展开更多
Designing catalysts with capable dual-active sites to drive catalytic hydrogen generation is necessary for the future hydrogen economy.Herein,the interfacial active sites consisting of Co and Co-C on Co-Co_(2)C@carbon...Designing catalysts with capable dual-active sites to drive catalytic hydrogen generation is necessary for the future hydrogen economy.Herein,the interfacial active sites consisting of Co and Co-C on Co-Co_(2)C@carbon heterostructure are designed through annealing and highpressure carbonization.The operating temperature during the high-pressure carbonization under a CO-reducing environment is responsible for the construction and regulation of Co-Co_(2)C@C heterostructure.The optimal catalyst has a high turnover frequency(TOF) of33.1 min^(-1) and low activation energy(E_a) of27.3 kJ-mol^(-1) during the hydrolysis of NH_(3)BH_(3).The catalytic stability of Co-Co_(2)C@C has no dramatic deterioration even after 5 cyclic usages.The interfacial active sites and the carbon on the catalyst surface enhance hydrogen generation kinetics and catalytic stability.The construction of interfacial active sites in Co-Co_(2)C@C prompts the dissociation of reactants(NH_(3)BH_(3) and H_(2)O molecules),leading to an enhanced catalytic hydrogen generation from NH_(3)BH_(3) hydrolysis(Co activates NH_(3)BH_(3) and Co-C activates H_(2)O).The construction of hetero-structural catalysts provides theoretical direction for the rational design of advanced transition metal carbide materials in the field of energy catalysis and conversion.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the grants from the "Tenth Five-Year" Plan on Tackling Key Problems of National Science and Technology of PRC (No. 2004BA719A12), the Project of Medical Innovation of Liaoning Province (No. [2004]37), and the Fund of Centre for Doctors of Ministry of Education (No. 20040159005).
文摘Background At the end of 2005, 650 000 people lived with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 （HIV-1） in China, of whom 75 000 were AIDS patients. Many AIDS patients received highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） supported by the ＂China CARES＂ program but the immune responses of HAART were seldom reported. This study investigated the effect of HAART on the activation and coreceptor expression of T lymphocytes in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients and evaluated its effect on immune reconstitution. Methods Seventeen HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled and three-color-flow cytometry was used to detect the activation of HLA-DR CD38 and the coreceptor CCR5, CXCR4 expression on T lymphocytes in whole blood samples taken from the patients before and after 3- or 6-month HAART. Results The activation percents of CD4^＋, CD8^＋ T lymphocytes were significantly higher before therapy than the normal controls （HLA-DR/CD4： 40.47±18.85 vs 11.54±4.10; CD38/CD4： 81.34± 10.86 vs 53.34± 11.44; HLA-DR/CD8：63.94±12.71 vs 25.67±9.18; CD38/CD8： 86.56± 11.41 vs 58.84±6.16,. all P〈0.01）. After 6-month combined antiretroviral treatment, the activation of T lymphocytes in HIV/AIDS patients was significantly decreased （HLA-DR/CD4：28.31± 13.48; CD38/CD4：69.88 ± 12.64; HLA-DR/CD8： 46.56± 18.64; CD38/CD8： 70.17±14.54, all P〈0.01 compared with the pre-treatment values）. Before the treatment, CCR5 expression on CD8^＋ T lymphocytes was up-regulated while CXCR4 expression on CD8^＋ T lymphocytes downregulated in HIV/AIDS patients compared with the normal controls （CD8/CCR5：70.91 ± 10.03 vs 52.70± 7.68; CD8/CXCR4：24.14±11.08 vs 50.05±11.68, all P〈0.01）. After 6-month HAART, CCR5 expression on CD8^＋ T lymphocytes significantly decreased （56.35±2.96, P〈0.01）, while CXCR4 expression on CD8^＋ T lymphocytes increased （36.95±9.96, P〈0.05） compared with the pre-treatment and the normal controls. A significant statistical relationship was observed between the expression of ac
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52071135, 51871090 and U1804135)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province (Nos.NSFRF220201 and NSFRF200402)。
文摘Designing catalysts with capable dual-active sites to drive catalytic hydrogen generation is necessary for the future hydrogen economy.Herein,the interfacial active sites consisting of Co and Co-C on Co-Co_(2)C@carbon heterostructure are designed through annealing and highpressure carbonization.The operating temperature during the high-pressure carbonization under a CO-reducing environment is responsible for the construction and regulation of Co-Co_(2)C@C heterostructure.The optimal catalyst has a high turnover frequency(TOF) of33.1 min^(-1) and low activation energy(E_a) of27.3 kJ-mol^(-1) during the hydrolysis of NH_(3)BH_(3).The catalytic stability of Co-Co_(2)C@C has no dramatic deterioration even after 5 cyclic usages.The interfacial active sites and the carbon on the catalyst surface enhance hydrogen generation kinetics and catalytic stability.The construction of interfacial active sites in Co-Co_(2)C@C prompts the dissociation of reactants(NH_(3)BH_(3) and H_(2)O molecules),leading to an enhanced catalytic hydrogen generation from NH_(3)BH_(3) hydrolysis(Co activates NH_(3)BH_(3) and Co-C activates H_(2)O).The construction of hetero-structural catalysts provides theoretical direction for the rational design of advanced transition metal carbide materials in the field of energy catalysis and conversion.
