Solidification experiments were carried out in Al-Cu （w（Cu） = 5%） alloy to investigate the influence of pulse magneto-oscillation （PMO） on the efficiency of the Al3Ti1B refining agent at high superheat. The expe...Solidification experiments were carried out in Al-Cu （w（Cu） = 5%） alloy to investigate the influence of pulse magneto-oscillation （PMO） on the efficiency of the Al3Ti1B refining agent at high superheat. The experimental solidification results show that the degree of superheat has remarkable influence on the efficiency of the grain refiner. However, the application of PMO has the potential to reduce the influence of superheat variation on the efficiency of the grain refiner. Finally, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is discussed by performing a numerical simulation to show the forced flow inside the melt caused by PMO.展开更多
The polymetallic Dushiling W-Cu deposit is a large, altered, skarn-type deposit, located in the northeastern part of the Miao'ershan-Yuechengling pluton, China. Two types of granite have been identified in the dep...The polymetallic Dushiling W-Cu deposit is a large, altered, skarn-type deposit, located in the northeastern part of the Miao'ershan-Yuechengling pluton, China. Two types of granite have been identified in the deposit: a medium-grained porphyritic biotite granite, and a medium- to fine-grained biotite granite. Both are spatially and temporally related to ore bodies, suggesting they may be the source of mineralization in the deposit. A medium- to fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite is exposed at the surface in the region of mineralization. U-Pb dating of zircons yielded magmatic ages of 423 Ma for the medium-grained porphyritic biotite granite and 421 Ma for the medium- to fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite, while a younger age(217 Ma) obtained for surface samples indicates later diagenesis. Thus, magmatism occurred during the Caledonian and Indosinian, respectively. The petrological and geochemical characteristics of the two Caledonian granites show that both are calc-alkaline and peraluminous.They are moderately enriched in Cs, Rb, U, and REE, and strongly depleted in Sr,Ba,P,and Ti; they show similar REE behavior,including negative Eu anomalies. These geochemical similarities suggest that the two granites were derived from the same source,although they were emplaced during different stages of the evolution of the magma. Furthermore, the granites are associated with mineralization, suggesting they were the source of mineralization in the Dushiling W-Cu deposit. Sm-Nd ages of scheelite from the Dushiling W-Cu deposit indicate that metallogenesis occurred at 417±35 Ma, while the two types of titanite, intergrown with scheelite, yield U-Pb ages of 423–425 Ma(in altered granite sample) and 218 Ma(in skarn sample). These ages place the main mineralization event in the late Caledonian, and later magmatic-hydrothermal activity occurred in the Indosinian. The ages obtained for the Dushiling W-Cu deposit in the western Nanling Range, northern Yuechengling, together with the occurrence and ages of the Niutan展开更多
Nanostructured （NS） W-Cu composite powder was prepared by mechanical alloying （MA）, and nanostructured bulk of W-Cu contact material was fabricated by hot pressed sintering in an electrical vacuum furnace. The mic...Nanostructured （NS） W-Cu composite powder was prepared by mechanical alloying （MA）, and nanostructured bulk of W-Cu contact material was fabricated by hot pressed sintering in an electrical vacuum furnace. The microstructure, electric conductivity, hardness, breakdown voltage and arcing time of NS W-Cu alloys were measured and compared to conventional W-Cu alloys prepared by powder metallurgy. The results show that microstructural refinement and uniformity can improve the breakdown behavior, the electric arc stability and the arc extinction ability of nanostructured W-Cu contacts materials. Also, the nanostructured W-Cu contact material shows the characteristic of spreading electric arcs, which is of benefit to electric arc erosion.展开更多
Cu(NO3)(2) and (NH4)(6)H(2)W(12)O(40)center dot 4H(2)O were used to prepare W/Cu nanosized composite powder by sol-gel technique. The influences of heat treatment process, pH value of the solution and the amount of an...Cu(NO3)(2) and (NH4)(6)H(2)W(12)O(40)center dot 4H(2)O were used to prepare W/Cu nanosized composite powder by sol-gel technique. The influences of heat treatment process, pH value of the solution and the amount of an addition agent on particle size were investigated by DSC, XRD and TEM. The results show that, at a certain heat treatment temperature, the W/Cu nanoparticle size increases with the pH value or the amount of the addition agent increasing.展开更多
The sintered W-15wt.%Cu alloys fabricated by mechanical alloying were re-sintered under pressure to increase the density and improve the properties of these alloys. The pressure was applied vertically along the axis o...The sintered W-15wt.%Cu alloys fabricated by mechanical alloying were re-sintered under pressure to increase the density and improve the properties of these alloys. The pressure was applied vertically along the axis of the sintered sample. Properties such as density, hardness, and bending strength were measured. The microstructures of the sintered bodies were observed. The results showed that the subsequent pressure sintering could increase the density of the sintered W-15wt.%Cu alloys. Their hardness, bending strength, and some other physical properties were also improved by this subsequent densification treatment.展开更多
The kinetic characteristics of W grain growth operated by diffusion controlled Oswald ripening （DOR） during liquid phase sintering were studied. A liquid phase sintering of W-15wt%Cu was carried out by pushing compa...The kinetic characteristics of W grain growth operated by diffusion controlled Oswald ripening （DOR） during liquid phase sintering were studied. A liquid phase sintering of W-15wt%Cu was carried out by pushing compacts into a furnace at the moment when the temperature increased to 1340℃ for different sintering times. The results show that liquid phase sintering produces the compacts with considerably low relative density and inversely, rather high homogeneity. On the basis of the data extracted from the SEM images, the kinetic equation of W grain growth, G^n = G0^n ＋ kt, is determined in which the grain growth exponent n is 3 and the grain growth rate constant k is 0.15 μm^3/s. The cumulative normalized grain size distributions produced by different sintering times show self-similar. The cumulative distribution function is extracted from the curves by non-linear fitting. In addition, the sintering kinetic characteristics of W-15wt%Cu compacts were also investigated.展开更多
Mechanically activated W-Cu powders were sintered by a spark plasma sinteringsystem (SPS) in order to develop a new process and improve the properties of the alloy. Propertiessuch as density and hardness were measured...Mechanically activated W-Cu powders were sintered by a spark plasma sinteringsystem (SPS) in order to develop a new process and improve the properties of the alloy. Propertiessuch as density and hardness were measured. The microstructures of the sintered W-Cu alloy sampleswere observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope). The results show that spark plasma sinteringcan obviously lower the sintering temperature and increase the density of the alloy. This processcan also improve the hardness of the alloy. SPS is an effective method to obtain W-Cu powders withhigh density and superior physical properties.展开更多
The erosion behavior of a nanocomposite W-Cu material under arc breakdown was investigated. The arc erosion rates of the material were determined, and the eroded surfaces and arc erosion mechanisms were studied by sca...The erosion behavior of a nanocomposite W-Cu material under arc breakdown was investigated. The arc erosion rates of the material were determined, and the eroded surfaces and arc erosion mechanisms were studied by scanning eleclion microscopy. It is concluded that the nanocomposite W-Cu electrical contact material shows a characteristic of spreading arcs. The arc breakdown of a commercially used W-Cu alloy was limited in a few areas, and its average arc erosion rate is twice as large as that of the former. Furthermore, it is also proved that the arc extinction ability and arc stability of the nanocomposite W-Cu material are excellent, and melting is the major failure modality in the make-and-break operation of arcs.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 51320105003）, Shanghai Government （Grant No. 14DZ2261200）, and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality （Granted No. 15520710800）.
文摘Solidification experiments were carried out in Al-Cu （w（Cu） = 5%） alloy to investigate the influence of pulse magneto-oscillation （PMO） on the efficiency of the Al3Ti1B refining agent at high superheat. The experimental solidification results show that the degree of superheat has remarkable influence on the efficiency of the grain refiner. However, the application of PMO has the potential to reduce the influence of superheat variation on the efficiency of the grain refiner. Finally, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is discussed by performing a numerical simulation to show the forced flow inside the melt caused by PMO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41572058, 41172074, 41230315, 41303045)
文摘The polymetallic Dushiling W-Cu deposit is a large, altered, skarn-type deposit, located in the northeastern part of the Miao'ershan-Yuechengling pluton, China. Two types of granite have been identified in the deposit: a medium-grained porphyritic biotite granite, and a medium- to fine-grained biotite granite. Both are spatially and temporally related to ore bodies, suggesting they may be the source of mineralization in the deposit. A medium- to fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite is exposed at the surface in the region of mineralization. U-Pb dating of zircons yielded magmatic ages of 423 Ma for the medium-grained porphyritic biotite granite and 421 Ma for the medium- to fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite, while a younger age(217 Ma) obtained for surface samples indicates later diagenesis. Thus, magmatism occurred during the Caledonian and Indosinian, respectively. The petrological and geochemical characteristics of the two Caledonian granites show that both are calc-alkaline and peraluminous.They are moderately enriched in Cs, Rb, U, and REE, and strongly depleted in Sr,Ba,P,and Ti; they show similar REE behavior,including negative Eu anomalies. These geochemical similarities suggest that the two granites were derived from the same source,although they were emplaced during different stages of the evolution of the magma. Furthermore, the granites are associated with mineralization, suggesting they were the source of mineralization in the Dushiling W-Cu deposit. Sm-Nd ages of scheelite from the Dushiling W-Cu deposit indicate that metallogenesis occurred at 417±35 Ma, while the two types of titanite, intergrown with scheelite, yield U-Pb ages of 423–425 Ma(in altered granite sample) and 218 Ma(in skarn sample). These ages place the main mineralization event in the late Caledonian, and later magmatic-hydrothermal activity occurred in the Indosinian. The ages obtained for the Dushiling W-Cu deposit in the western Nanling Range, northern Yuechengling, together with the occurrence and ages of the Niutan
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China under grant No.50071043the Natural Science Fundation of Shaanxi province under grant No.2004E105.
文摘Nanostructured （NS） W-Cu composite powder was prepared by mechanical alloying （MA）, and nanostructured bulk of W-Cu contact material was fabricated by hot pressed sintering in an electrical vacuum furnace. The microstructure, electric conductivity, hardness, breakdown voltage and arcing time of NS W-Cu alloys were measured and compared to conventional W-Cu alloys prepared by powder metallurgy. The results show that microstructural refinement and uniformity can improve the breakdown behavior, the electric arc stability and the arc extinction ability of nanostructured W-Cu contacts materials. Also, the nanostructured W-Cu contact material shows the characteristic of spreading electric arcs, which is of benefit to electric arc erosion.
基金This Project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50471033).
文摘Cu(NO3)(2) and (NH4)(6)H(2)W(12)O(40)center dot 4H(2)O were used to prepare W/Cu nanosized composite powder by sol-gel technique. The influences of heat treatment process, pH value of the solution and the amount of an addition agent on particle size were investigated by DSC, XRD and TEM. The results show that, at a certain heat treatment temperature, the W/Cu nanoparticle size increases with the pH value or the amount of the addition agent increasing.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50174007)
文摘The sintered W-15wt.%Cu alloys fabricated by mechanical alloying were re-sintered under pressure to increase the density and improve the properties of these alloys. The pressure was applied vertically along the axis of the sintered sample. Properties such as density, hardness, and bending strength were measured. The microstructures of the sintered bodies were observed. The results showed that the subsequent pressure sintering could increase the density of the sintered W-15wt.%Cu alloys. Their hardness, bending strength, and some other physical properties were also improved by this subsequent densification treatment.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50174007).
文摘The kinetic characteristics of W grain growth operated by diffusion controlled Oswald ripening （DOR） during liquid phase sintering were studied. A liquid phase sintering of W-15wt%Cu was carried out by pushing compacts into a furnace at the moment when the temperature increased to 1340℃ for different sintering times. The results show that liquid phase sintering produces the compacts with considerably low relative density and inversely, rather high homogeneity. On the basis of the data extracted from the SEM images, the kinetic equation of W grain growth, G^n = G0^n ＋ kt, is determined in which the grain growth exponent n is 3 and the grain growth rate constant k is 0.15 μm^3/s. The cumulative normalized grain size distributions produced by different sintering times show self-similar. The cumulative distribution function is extracted from the curves by non-linear fitting. In addition, the sintering kinetic characteristics of W-15wt%Cu compacts were also investigated.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50174007)
文摘Mechanically activated W-Cu powders were sintered by a spark plasma sinteringsystem (SPS) in order to develop a new process and improve the properties of the alloy. Propertiessuch as density and hardness were measured. The microstructures of the sintered W-Cu alloy sampleswere observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope). The results show that spark plasma sinteringcan obviously lower the sintering temperature and increase the density of the alloy. This processcan also improve the hardness of the alloy. SPS is an effective method to obtain W-Cu powders withhigh density and superior physical properties.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50071043) the Natural Science Foundation ofShaanxi Province, China (No. 2004E105).
文摘The erosion behavior of a nanocomposite W-Cu material under arc breakdown was investigated. The arc erosion rates of the material were determined, and the eroded surfaces and arc erosion mechanisms were studied by scanning eleclion microscopy. It is concluded that the nanocomposite W-Cu electrical contact material shows a characteristic of spreading arcs. The arc breakdown of a commercially used W-Cu alloy was limited in a few areas, and its average arc erosion rate is twice as large as that of the former. Furthermore, it is also proved that the arc extinction ability and arc stability of the nanocomposite W-Cu material are excellent, and melting is the major failure modality in the make-and-break operation of arcs.
